AS Sociology Key Words

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Achieved Status
Status you get by working at it
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Ascribed Status
Status you have from birth
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Bourgeoisie
Marxist term for the capitalist ruling class
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Capitalism
Economic system based on private ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange of commodities
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Class
A way of stratifying society on the basis of people's social and economic status
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Conformity
Adherence to the norms and values of society
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Consensus
Fundermental agreement within society, especially about the society's basic values. (Functionalist think its a result of socialisation.)
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Cultural Capital
The skills and cultural know-how that children learn form their parents.
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Cultural Deprivation
Working class culture makes people disadvantaged
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Deviance
Something that goes against society's norms and values
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Ethnocentric
Centred around the values and the interests of one particular ethnic group
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Culture
The way of life of a society or group, made up of things such as language, customs, knowledge, norms and values.
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False Consciousness
(especially in Marxist theory) a way of thinking that prevents a person from perceiving the true nature of their social or economic situation.
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Frankfurt School
Neo-Marxist group of writers that formed in Germany who looked and Hitlers use of the media.
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Gender
A socially constructed idea of masculinity and femininity
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Globalisation
The breaking down of traditional boundaries as globally people become more interconnected
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Hawthorne effect
When participants are aware they are being observed which affects their behavior
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Hidden Curriculum
The social norms and values that are taught at school but are not part of the official curriculum
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Identity
An individuals sense of self
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Ideological State Apparatus
Institutions like the media, schools and the family which can spread the ideology of the state
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Ideology
A set of ideas and beliefs about the way things should be
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Institutional Racism
When the polices, attitudes and actions of an institution discriminate against ethnic minorities
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Labelling Theory
Theory that says the labels given to someone affects their behaviour
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Marketisation
Encouraging competition between schools in order to create a market within education, where parents have more choice
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Meritocracy
A system were the most talented and hard-working people rise to the top
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Metta-Narrative
An overarching, all-encompassing story which gives meaning to events
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Norm
A social rule about what is correct and appropriate behavior within a particular culture
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Patriarchy
A society where men are dominant
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Positivism
A theoretical point of view which concentrates on social facts, scientific methods and quantitative data
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Primary Data
Completely new data that has been collected first-hand by the researcher
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Qualitative Methods of Research
Unstructured interviews, participant observation, wordy forms of data
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Quantitative
Surveys and structured interviews, statistics and numbers
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Reliability
If other sociologists using the same methods on the same group will get the same data (normally quantitative)
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Secondary Data
Data gathered using existing sources of information
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Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
When people behave in the way that they know others expect them to behave
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Social Construct
An idea or belief that's created in society and dose'nt come from a scientific fact
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Sociaisation
Passing on cultural values and norms from one generation to the next
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Stratified Sample
A sample with the same proportions of gender, class, age etc as the population you are studying
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Subculture
A group who share the same values and norms which are different from mainstream culture, a culture within a culture
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Validity
Data that gives an accurate picture of whats being measured
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Values
General beliefs held by society and by individuals about what is important or what is right and wrong
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Status you have from birth

Back

Ascribed Status

Card 3

Front

Marxist term for the capitalist ruling class

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Economic system based on private ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange of commodities

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A way of stratifying society on the basis of people's social and economic status

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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