Sociology - key words (family)

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The structural view
sees individuals as shaped by the structure of society. 'Macro' approach as it focuses on how wider society influences us
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The social action view
sees individuals as having free will and choice - individuals create society through their behavior and actions. 'Micro' approach as it focuses on small scale individual level interaction
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Family
a social institution consisting of a group of people who are related by kinship ties; relations of blood, marriage or adoption
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Household
one person living alone. or a group of people who live at the same address and share living arrangements
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Monogamy
Two individuals (found in Europe, the USA and most christian cultures)
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Serial monogamy
A series of monogamous marriages (Found in Europe, the USA, where there is a high rate of divorce and remarriage)
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Arranged marriage
Marriages arranged by parents to match their children with partners of a similar background and status). Found in India sub-continent and Muslim, Sikh and Hindu minority ethnic groups in Britain
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Civil Partnership
Gives legal recognition to the relationships of same sex couples. giving civil partners the equal treatment to married couples in a wide range of legal matters.
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Polygamy
Marriage to more than one partner at the same time
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Polygyny
One husband with two or more wives ( found in Islamic countries like Egypt and Saudi Arabia)
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Polyandry
One wife and two or more husbands (found in Tibet, among the Todas of southern India, and among the Marquesan Islanders
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Nuclear family
Two generations: parents and children living in the same household
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Extended family
All kin including and beyond the nuclear family
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Classic extended family
An extended family sharing the same household or living near each other
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Modified extended family
An extended family living far apart, but keeping in touch by phone, letters, email, networking websites like Facebook and frequent visits
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Beanpole family
A multi-generational extended family, which is long and thin, with few aunts, uncles and cousins, reflecting fewer children being born in each generation, but people living longer
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Patriarchal family
Authority held by males
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Matriarchal family
Authority held by females
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Symmetrical family
Authority and household tasks shared between male and female partners
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Reconstituted family (step family or blended family)
One or both parents previously married, with children of previous relationships
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Lone parent family
Lone parents with dependent children, most commonly after divorce or separation
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Gay or lesbian family
Same-sex couple living together with children
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Single person household
An individual living alone
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Instrumental role
Responsible for economic welfare of the family
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Expressive role
Responsible for socialization of the children and emotional care and support of the family
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Primary socialization of children
The nuclear family establishes the roles, rules and values of society. Mothers have a particular role in socialization as the expressive leader
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Warm bath theory
The function of stabilization if adult personalities is often referred to as the warm bath theory . The nuclear family acts as a warm bath, soothing the adults from the stresses of modern society
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Ascription
What you were born to do i.e. children of farmers became farmers themselves
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Structural differentiation
This means that specialized agencies take over many of the previous functions of the family - the structures of society change
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Primary socialization
The process of ensuring people learn the culture and values of society that happens in the family
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Primitive Communism
Marx called the first earliest, classless society as this.
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Promiscuous hord
there were no restrictions on sexual relationships
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Ideology
Marx mean a set of ideas or beliefs that justify inequality and maintain the capitalist system by persuading people to accept it as fair
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Capitalism
An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state
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Capitalist class (bourgeoisie)
Who own the means of production
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Working class (Proletariat)
Whose labour or work the capitalists exploit for profit
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Policy
a plan or an intended action by government
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Social policy
The plans and actions of government agencies such as welfare systems, schools, social services that affect people's lives and deal with social problems such as poverty, health issues, education, unemployment
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secularization
religion loses social and cultural significance
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Segregated conjugal roles
Where the couple have separate roles - a male breadwinner and a female homemaker - and leisure activities are separate too
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Integrated conjugal roles
Where the couples share tasks such as housework and childcare and spend their leisure time together too
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Birth rate
Number of live births per 1000 of the population each year
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Fertility rate
Births per 1000 women of childbearing age (15-44)
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Total fertility rate
average number of children a women of childbearing age will have in her fertile period
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Infant mortality rate
The number of infants who die before their first birthday, per thousand live births, per year, 1900-154', 2012-4
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Death rate
The number of deaths per 1000 of the population each year
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Immigration
movement into an area or society
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Net Migration
The difference between the numbers immigrating and the numbers emigrating, expressed as a net increase or decrease due to migration
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Push factors
Such a unemployment and economic recession at home
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Pull factors
Such as higher wages or better opportunities abroad
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Demographics
The study of population, including birth rate, fertility rate. death rate, infant mortality rate, immigration, emigration, and age structure, including the reasons for any changes in any of these
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Natural change
The difference between the number of births and the number of deaths in a population, resulting in either a natural increase or decrease
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Globalization
The idea that the world is becoming increasingly interconnected, as a result of the media and internet and the creation of global trade and markets
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Life expectancy
How long on average people in a given year can be expected to live
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Aging population
The older age groups are growing as a proportion of the population, while younger age groups are shrinking
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Assimilation
encouraged immigrants to adapt to norms of the country they are living in
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Dependency ratio
The working and non working people in society
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Age Patriarchy
Refers to adult domination/ child dependency; used by child liberationists
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Alienation
when and individual or group feels socially isolated because they lack power to control their lives
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Child-centred
Treating the needs of children as priority
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Childhood
A socially defined age status; there are major differences in how childhood is defined - historically, between different cultures, within the same society
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Co-Parenting
Shared parenting responsibility by parents in different households
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Dual Burden
when a person is responsible for two jobs; usually applied to women who are in paid work but also responsible for domestic labour
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Triple shift
some sociologists argue that women in modern society carry a triple burden of housework, pair work and emotional work.
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Social Construct
something that is created by society in terms of its meaning i.e. childhood
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Separatism
A radical feminist idea that women should live separately from men as the only way to free themselves from the patriarchal oppression of the family
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

sees individuals as having free will and choice - individuals create society through their behavior and actions. 'Micro' approach as it focuses on small scale individual level interaction

Back

The social action view

Card 3

Front

a social institution consisting of a group of people who are related by kinship ties; relations of blood, marriage or adoption

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

one person living alone. or a group of people who live at the same address and share living arrangements

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Two individuals (found in Europe, the USA and most christian cultures)

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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