General beliefs about what is right or wrong, and about the important standards which are worth maintaining and achieving in any society
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Laws
Official legal rules, formally enforced by the police, the courts, and prison, involving legal punishment if the rules are broken
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Norms
Social rules which define the correct and acceptable behaviour in a society or social group to which people are expected to conform
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Customs
Norms which have lasted for a long time and have become part of a society's traditions, e.g. Easter eggs, lighting candles for Diwali
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Social Control
The term given to various methods used to persuade individuals to conform to the dominant social norms and values of a society. Processes of social control can be formal or informal
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Deviance
Failure to conform to social norms
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Sanctions
The rewards and punishments by which social control is achieved and conformity to norms and values enforced
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Positive Sanctions
Rewards of various kinds
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Negative Sanctions
Various types of punishments
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Ethnicity
The shared culture of a social group
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Minority Ethnic Group
A social group which shares a cultural identity that is different form that of the majority of the population
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Gender
The culturally created differences between men and women
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Social Class
People who share a similar economic situation
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Life Chances
Chances of obtaining things defined as desirable and avoiding those defined as undesirable
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Social Mobility
Movement of groups up or down the social class hierarchy
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Ascribed Status
Given by birth or background which cannot be changed by individuals
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Achieved Status
Any social position or position of prestige that has been achieved by somebody
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Sociological Imagination
Looking at views that already exist from an unfamiliar perspective
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Empirical Research
Evidence that isn't theoretical
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Objectivity and Value Freedom
Keeping an open mind and considering all points (non bias)
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Naturalistic Explanations
Some human behaviour is natural (innate) within people
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Socialisation
Lifelong process of learning norms and values of society - carried out by agents of socialisation
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Identification
How we define ourselves and how others define us
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Roles
Patterns of behaviour that are expected from individuals in society
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Role Models
Someone whose patterns of behaviour are copied and modeled by others
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Role Conflict
The conflict between the successful performance of two or more roles at the same time
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Official legal rules, formally enforced by the police, the courts, and prison, involving legal punishment if the rules are broken
Back
Laws
Card 3
Front
Social rules which define the correct and acceptable behaviour in a society or social group to which people are expected to conform
Back
Card 4
Front
Norms which have lasted for a long time and have become part of a society's traditions, e.g. Easter eggs, lighting candles for Diwali
Back
Card 5
Front
The term given to various methods used to persuade individuals to conform to the dominant social norms and values of a society. Processes of social control can be formal or informal
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