How can intellectual & language skills affect ethnic differences in achievement?
The lack of intellectual stimulation causes failing to develop reasoning skills, & the language used by minorities is ungrammatical & disjointed.
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What did Murray suggest about the lack of a male role model?
High rate of lone parenthood & the lack of male role models leads to underachievement - anti-educational 'macho gang culture'.
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How has slavery impacted educational achievement?
Black Caribbeans less resistant to racism due to slavery - low self-esteem & underachievement.
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What does Sewell argue about Asian families?
Chinese & Indian pupils benefit from supportive families with an 'Asian work ethic'.
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What does Sewell argue about fathers, gangs & cultures?
Lack of fatherly nurturing means street gangs offer alternative loyalty & love - peer pressure = greatest barrier to success.
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What are the reasons for the underachievement of white w/c pupils?
Lower aspirations; Lack of parental support; Street culture in white w/c areas is brutal - reject education.
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Describe a compensatory education policy.
Operation Head Start (USA) - compensate children for the cultural deficit because of deprived backgrounds; Sure Start (UK) - support the development of pre-school children in deprived areas.
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Explain one criticism of cultural deprivation.
Keddie - C/D is a myth & a victim-blaming explanation, pupils not culturally deprived, but culturally different.
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How does material deprivation affect ethnic minority students?
Half live in low-income households; Almost twice as likely to be unemployed; Minorities face discrimination in the housing & labour markets.
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How does racial discrimination in jobs & housing affect children's education?
Social exclusion; Unemployment; Low pay; Inadequate housing & materials.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Which 2 ethnic groups do best in education?
Back
Chinese & Indian.
Card 3
Front
How can intellectual & language skills affect ethnic differences in achievement?
Back
Card 4
Front
What did Murray suggest about the lack of a male role model?
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