Socio-Cultural

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Blood Sports
**** fighting & mob football
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Pre-Industrial Social Class
Upper Class - played real tennis, fox hunting. Lower Class - mob football, dog fighting
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Pre-Industrial Time
Upper Class - lots of time, developed skills, longer activities. Lower Class - worked long hours, played only on holy days
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Pre-Industrial Money
Upper Class - more access to facilities. Lower Class - less opportunities, basic activities
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Pre-Industrial Transport
Upper Class - travel via horse & carriage, national activities. Lower Class - travel by walking, local sports
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Post-Industrial Law
More laws, 1829 Metropolitan Police Act, decline in blood sports
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Post-Industrial Transport
Development of railway, more national games, standardised rules, increase in spectators
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Post-Industrial Time
Working hours dictated by factories, long hours, little time & energy for sport
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Saturday Half Day
Half day on Saturday afternoon, more time for sport
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Early Closing Movement
Wednesday half day introduced, 8 hour days, 40 hour weeks
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Post-Industrial Money
Working class still had a lack of disposable income and poor living conditions
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Post-Industrial Education
Upper class had public schools, 1870 Forster Education Act established state schools, 1891 Education Act made elementary education free
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Post-Industrial Social Class
Middle class emerged, large class divide
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Post-Industrial Amateurism
Middle/upper class, played for the love of sport
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Post-Industrial Professionalism
Working class, were paid to play
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Early 19th Century Public Schools
No organised sport, no ethics promoted
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Late 19th Century Public Schools
Dr Thomas Arnold promoted regulated sport, house systems developed, muscular Christianity, cult of athleticism, individuals developed rules and NGBs
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20th Century Class
Upper Class - played golf, bet on horse racing. Working Class - horse racing, boxing, football, rugby
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20th Century Gender
Female participation dropped, working class women excluded from professional sports
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20th Century Education
The Butler Act, Education Reform of 1988, Grammar schools, secondary schools & technical schools developed
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20th Century Transport
Available to everyone, radio coverage of major sports, increase in international events
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21st Century Class
Lots of divisions, sport still associated with class
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21st Century Gender
Difference in participation between males & females, some female sports presenters
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21st Century Law
Lots of rules in sport, WADA has a list of banned substances for athletes, laws against discrimination
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21st Century Education
Lots of sporting opportunities, PE is part of the national curriculum until 16, PE can be taken in college/uni
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21st Century Globalisation
Popularity of sport has increased around the world, easier to play sport professionally in any country
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21st Century Media
Lots of media coverage, sport & sponsorship & media all influence each other
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Ancient Olympics
Festivals of sport, religion & music, throughout Mediterranean, Roman Empire stopped it
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Modern Olympics
Founded by Pierre De Coubertin, inspired by English public schools & Much Wenlock, developed by William Penny Brooks, first took place in Athens 1896
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Aims of the Olympics
Amateurism, fair play, physical endeavour, physical prowess, remove prejudice
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British Olympic Association
National Olympic committee for Britain, not controlled by government, no political interests, supports team GB athletes
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International Olympic Committee
International non-profit organisation, owns rights to olympic symbols, organise summer and winter games
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Paralympics
First was Rome 1960, aims: determination, courage, equality, inspiration
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Berlin 1936: Third Reich Ideology
Used for Nazi propaganda, German team had trained full time, USA & Europe failed to boycott, Hitler refused to place gold medal around Jesse Owens neck
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Mexico City 1968: Black Power Demonstration
2 African-American athletes conduced a demonstration during medal ceremony, raised a black gloved fist until the national anthem finished, IOC suspended the team
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Munich 1972: Palestinian Terrorism
Palestinian terrorists broke into accommodation in the Olympic park & killed 17 people, demanded Palestinian prisoner released, games went ahead
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Moscow 1980 boycott lead by USA
USA lead boycott of the summer Olympics to protest Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Britain had limited participation, 6000 competitors took part
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Los Angeles 1984 boycott by Soviet Union
14 countries lead by Soviet Union, response to 1980 Moscow boycott, Soviet Union blamed commercialism & poor security
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Sporting Advantages of Olympics
More money invested in sport, raising profile of sport, world class facilities, increased participation at foundation
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Sporting Disadvantages of Olympics
Not long lasting, new facilities not used, media highlight negatives
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Social Advantages of Olympics
Money to be spent go public services, nation building, legacy facilities
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Social Disadvantages of Olympics
Focussed on one area of country, locals being moved to build facilities
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Economic Advantages of Olympics
Business profit, income from tourists, more jobs
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Economic Disadvantages of Olympics
Cost of bidding, making a loss, new jobs only temporary
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Political Advantages of Olympics
Political leaders benefit from success, unity to a country, political differences put aside
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Political Disadvantages of Olympics
Soaring costs look bad on politicians, serious event can look bad on government, protests
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Upper Class - played real tennis, fox hunting. Lower Class - mob football, dog fighting

Back

Pre-Industrial Social Class

Card 3

Front

Upper Class - lots of time, developed skills, longer activities. Lower Class - worked long hours, played only on holy days

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Upper Class - more access to facilities. Lower Class - less opportunities, basic activities

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Upper Class - travel via horse & carriage, national activities. Lower Class - travel by walking, local sports

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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