Socialism Key Words

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Absolute Equality
suggests all individuals will recieve the same words, providing they mae a contribution that is to the best of their ability - is assumed each inividuals will make a broadly equal contribution. ultimate goal of Marxist communists and anarchists
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Alienation
to be seperated from one`s genuine or essential nature, used by Marxists to describe the process whereby under capitalsim labour is reduced to a mere commodity
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Bourgeoisie
marxist term denoting the ruling class of a capitalist society, the owners of productive wealth
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Capitalism
an economic system in which the wealth owned by private individuals or businesses and goods are produced for exchange, according to the dictates of the market
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Class
a social division based on economic or social factors; a social class is a group of people sharing a similar socio-economic position
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Class Consciousness
a marxist term to denote an accurate awareness of class interests and a willingness to pursue them
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Clause 4
part of the 1918 Labour constitution which committed the party to the common ownership of means of production, distribution and exchange - rewritten by Tony Blair
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Communism
the principle of common ownership of wealth, or a system of comprehensive collectivization; communism is often viewed as 'Marxism in practise
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Communitarianism
belief that the self is constituted through the community, in the sense that individuals are shaped by the communities in which they live and thus they owe them a debt of respect and consideration
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Collectivism
the beleif that human endeavour is of greater practical and moral value than individual self-striving. it reflects the idea that human nature has a social core
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Collectivization
the abolition of private property and the establishment of a comprehensive system of common or public ownership, usually through the state
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Cooperation
working together, collective effort inentded to achieve mutual benefit
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Corporatism
where organised interests like employers` groups such as the CBI and trade untion organsiations like the TUC have privileged and institutional access to policy formation
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Democratic Socialists
the label given to any person or group who advocates the pursuit of socialism through democratic means
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Dialectical Materialism
the deterministic form of Marxism that dominated intellectual life in orthodox communist states
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Dictatorship of the Proletariat
Marxist term denoting the transitionary phase between the collapse of capitalism and the estabishment of full communism, characterised by the establishment of the proletariat state
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Determinism
suggests we are slaves to the forces of history, which are out of our control. Major historical changes ae inevitable
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Distributive Justice
refers to any conception of justice that seeks to establish a fair and just principle for how rewards should be distributed within society. Associated with modern social democracy and the philosopher John Rawls (liberal)
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Egalitarianism
a theory or practise based o the desire to promote equality; egalitarianism is sometimes seen as a belief that equality is the primary political value
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Ethical / Christian Socialism
strand of socialism part of the British Labour Party. refers to the socialists who happen to be christian and attmept to relate the teachings of Christ with the political practise of socialism
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Evoutionary Socialism
the acceptance that with the extension of the franchise to the working classes meant that a parliamentary road to socialism was possible as socialism was assumed to be the natural home of the working class
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Equality
fundamental value - socialists endorse social equality, which is seen as essential to securing social cohesion and fraternity
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Equality of Outcome
principle held by fundamentalist socialists prosing that rewards should be based on the value of each person`s contribution, inevitalby meaning inequality as contributions vary.
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Equality of Opportunity
all individuals are entitled to equal chances to make the best of their abilities. there should be no artifical barriers to progress of any individual or group
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Equality of Welfare
this sees human society as inevitably unequal but argues that everyone should be entitled to an equal minimum standard of living, which can be ensured by the provision of state welfare
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Fabians
Fabian society formed in 1884 and took up the cause of parliamentary socialism led by Sydney and Beatrice Webb.
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Fraternity
Brotherhood, bonds of sympathy and comradeship between and amongst human beings
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Fundamentalist Socialism
a form of socialism that seeks to abolish capitalsim and replace it with a qualitatively different society. aka: Marxist/revolutionary socialism
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Historical Materialism
a Marxist theory that holds that material or economic conditions ultimately structure law, politics and culture
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Inevitability of Gradualism
socialism was the inevitalbe outcome of the spread of capitalism
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Labourism
a tendency exhibited by socialist parties to serve the interests of the organised labour movement rather than broader ideological goals
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Nationalism
the extension of state or public ownership over private assets or industries, either individual enterprises or the entire economy
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Neo-revisionist
this refers to a revision of the revisionist strand of socialism - term used to describe the Third Way and Blair`s brand of socialism compared to post-war governments of Atlee
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New Labour
the government focussed on reducing social exclusion through social policy
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Old Labour
refers to Labour pre-1985 when the party was committed to Clause 4, nationalisation.
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Proletariat
a marxist term denoting a class that subsists through the sale of its labour power
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Revolution
a fundamental an irreversible change, often a brief but dramatic period of upheaval; systemic change
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Revisionist Socialism
term used to describe people who moved away from the orthodox beliefs
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Social Democracy
moderate or reformist brand of socialism that favours a balance between the market and the state, rather than the aboliion of capitalism
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Social Exclusion
term created by New Labour and refers to those groups who suffer multiple deprivation and therefore don`t enjoy usual rewards, choices and oppurtunities (socially excluded) - social and economic policy should be directed at such groups
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Social Justice
requirements of justice applied to the framework of social existence
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Superstructure of a State
includes the culture, politics, art, ideology, religion of a state and is seen to be reflective of the economic mode of production by Marxists
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Surplus Value
portion of workers` time at work which was taken over by the capitalist. Marx saw it as labour being stolen - workers are paid considerably less than the value of the hours they work, so this is how they are exploited
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Third Way
ohase created by Anthony Giddens referring to New Labour policies after 1992 steering a path between socialism and neo-liberalsim, becoming a third way to social justice withi a free market, capitalist society
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Utopianism
a belief in the unlimited possibilites of human development, embodied in the vision of a perfect or ideal society
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

to be seperated from one`s genuine or essential nature, used by Marxists to describe the process whereby under capitalsim labour is reduced to a mere commodity

Back

Alienation

Card 3

Front

marxist term denoting the ruling class of a capitalist society, the owners of productive wealth

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

an economic system in which the wealth owned by private individuals or businesses and goods are produced for exchange, according to the dictates of the market

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

a social division based on economic or social factors; a social class is a group of people sharing a similar socio-economic position

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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