a form of organisation, also ways behaviours of the members of the organisation are regulated // co-operation between individuals in order to produce the things they need to survive
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NATURE DEBATE // LOMBROSO
potential to be a criminal is INNATE; born with the potential to do evil or you are not
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NATURE DEBATE // SIMON BARON-COHEN
males and females have different brains; men=computers , women=working with people
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DANGERS OF BIOLOGICAL DETERMINISM
sometimes used to justify inequality, discrim and ill-treatment including slavery and genocide
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SOCIAL DETERMINISM // NURTURE
preffered by sociologists; genes have little or no effect on behaviour; family, friends, religion, education and mass media make you who you are; socialisation
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CULTURE
culture is the learned, shared behaviour of members of a society // included the beliefs of a society and the creative activities engaged in by social groups
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CULTURE // WILLIAMS
culture is a way of life
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features of a culture
symbol, language/accent, norms and vals, attitudes to life
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HIGH CULTURE
Leavis, 1930 // elite, upper-class; those who have an ascribed status // social closure
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POPULAR CULTURE
opposite to high culture, it's for everyone // shallow activities for the masses // unites people from all backgrounds into one common culture STRINATI: media has created it in the UK // 'borrows' from high culture e.g. golf
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SUBCULTURE
'culture within a culture' // have their own norms and values that may be different to those of a wider society, although usually still 'fit in' // inc youth movements, after 50s
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CONSUMER CULTURE
LURY: believed that a society in which these things were true could be considered to have a consumer culture // society's identity partly portrayed through goods that are bought and sold // only economically strong
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GLOBAL CULTURE
MCLURY: world smaller place, global village // globalisation mens that no longer isolated countires ; formed through media // americanisation (HALSEY)
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MULTICULTURALISM
diff ethnic groups living side by side, celebrating differences and sharing the same status // UK 11% BME
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CULTURAL DIVERSITY
similar to multcult however includes LGBT etc
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VALUES
general principles by which we lead our life and that govern our behaviour
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NORMS
common form of behaviour which most people in a society follow // agree to be normal behaviour // social glue that bind individuals into societies/groups // against social norms= deviant // reinforced by in/formal control; sanctions
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STATUS
held by individ or group; associated with prestige and social standing; evaluation of social difference, can be high or low // ascribed or achieved // WEBER status important for stratification
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ROLES
patterns of beaviour; every role has certain expectations // ascribed or achieved , role conflict inevitble part of contemp life
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PRIMARY SOCIALISATION
family (media, religon)
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SECONDARY SOCIALISATION
school, peers, workplace
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FORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL
is when the control is exercised by State agencies or official bodies over the lives of individuals. //police, legal systems, military, government
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INFORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL
are exercised by a wider range of institutions that can have powerful effects on the behaviour of individuals // family, peers, media, subcultures
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
NATURE DEBATE // LOMBROSO
Back
potential to be a criminal is INNATE; born with the potential to do evil or you are not
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