Social Learning Theory Explanations of Gender.

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Social Learning Theory
Acknowledges the role that the Social contexts plays in development. Gender behaviour is learned from observing others.
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IMITATION
When a child copies an action or behaviour.
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REINFORCEMENT
Observed behaviour is more likely to be imitated if it is seen to be rewarded or followed by positive outcomes.
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DIRECT REINFORCEMENT
When the child is REWARDED for gender appropriate behaviour and PUNISHED for gender inappropriate behaviour
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VICARIOUS REINFORCEMENT
A child learns gender appropriate behaviour by observing the CONSEQUENCES of OTHER PEOPLES behaviour.
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IDENTIFICATION
The process when a child attatches themselves to a role model who possesses qualities seen as rewarding.
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MODELLING
The process of observing another person and then attempting to imitate the behaviour.
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Factors affecting the likelihood of the behaviour of a role model being copied.
Similarity, Status, Attractive, Appropriate behaviour, Reward and Punishment.
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MASTER ET AL (1979)
Both M & F were more likely to play with toys they had been told were appropriate for the sex rather than the toys they had seen being modelled RESULTS = appropriateness of bhv seems to be more important than whether the model is the same sex
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STRENGTHS OF SLT
EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE: Smith & Lloyd (Baby X) SLT can explain CULTURAL VARIATIONS.
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LIMITATIONS OF SLT
ADEVELOPMENTAL = Does not link gender and learning to age or development.
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COMPARISONS AND CRITICISMS FROM OTHER APPROACHES
BIOLOGICAL = SLT ignores innate factors. PSYCHODYNAMIC= Agree that the same sex parent plays a vital role. However, wider society plays NO ROLE in gender development.
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Card 2

Front

When a child copies an action or behaviour.

Back

IMITATION

Card 3

Front

Observed behaviour is more likely to be imitated if it is seen to be rewarded or followed by positive outcomes.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

When the child is REWARDED for gender appropriate behaviour and PUNISHED for gender inappropriate behaviour

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A child learns gender appropriate behaviour by observing the CONSEQUENCES of OTHER PEOPLES behaviour.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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