A form of social influence where people adopt the behaviour, attitudes and values of other members in a majority position. Yeilding to group pressure.
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What did Kelman (1958) do?
He proposed 3 types of conformity; 1) Compliance, 2) Internalisation, 3) Identification.
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What is 'Compliance'?
The adjusting of an individuals own actions to fit with the group. Identification with the majority is desirable. An individual may comply with little, or no, private attitude change.
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What is 'Internalisation'?
An individual may decide that the majority is correct, this leads to an acceptance of the groups point of view both publicaly and privately.
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What is 'Identification'?
This incorporates both compliance and internalisation. An individual may decide to adopt the groups attitudes and beliefs to be an accepted member of the group. An individual accepts what they are adopting.
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What is 'Majority Influence'?
This is when an individual's behavious and/ or beliefs are influenced by a larger group of people.
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What did Asch (1956) do?
He did a study on 123 male American undergraduates. In each experiment, all but 1 were confederates. In turn, participants and confederates were asked to state which of 3 lines was the same length as the stimulus line.
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What did Asch find?
He found that in 12 critical trials,36.8% of participant responses were incorrect. 1/4 of participants never conformed.
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Why did Asch's participants conform?
-Some said that they did because they actually started to see the line differently. - The majority, however, continued to trust their own judgment but changed their answer to avoid dissaproval from the majority.
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How does majority size affect conformity?
A majority consisting of 1-2 people - low conformity rate. A majority of 3 - conformity rose to 30%. Further increases did not substantially increase conformity.
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What were the variations of Asch's study and what did they find?
When there were 2 real participants or a confederate giving correct answers conformity fell to 5.5%. If a different, wrong, answer was given by a confederate conformity fell to 9%.
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What did Eagly and Carli (1981) do?
A meta-analysis of 145 studies. Found that women were more compliant than men. Found that male researchers were more likely to find gender differences, suggesting that they choose experimental material more accessible to males (self-efficiency)
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What are the problems with Asch's study?
It lacks ecological validity. Judging lenghts of lines is an insignificant task. How would conformity change for important tasks?
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What is 'Minority Influence'?
A form of social influence where people reject the established norm of the group majority and move to the position of minority.
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What is 'Normative Influence'?
This is where you go along with the majorits to appear "normal". (Compliance)
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What is 'Informational Influence'?
Following the majority and believing their views. (Internalisation)
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What is 'Legitimate Authority'?
The amount of social power held by the person who gives the orders (wearing a uniform e.g. police)
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What is the 'Agentic State'?
In order for an authority figure to be obeyed, it is important that they are prepared to take the responsibility for their order and the actions of those they are instructing. (e.g. Milgram's study) The person sees themselves as the agent of others.
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What is 'Gradual Commitment'?
This refers to individuals as being 'sucked in' to a situation that they later find difficult to escape from. (foot in the door)
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What is 'Authoritarian Personality'?
People with an authoritarian personality have a tendancy to be extremely obedient.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What did Kelman (1958) do?
Back
He proposed 3 types of conformity; 1) Compliance, 2) Internalisation, 3) Identification.
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