Social Influence

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The process where people directly or indirectly influence the thoughts, feelings and actions of others
Social influence
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Complying with the demands of an authority figure
Obedience
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40 male volunteers were classed as teachers, had to administer shocks to learner
Milgram
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65%
standard procedure
4 of 47
100%
victim is silent
5 of 47
48%
run down office block
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40%
victim in same room as teacher
7 of 47
30%
forces hand onto shock plate
8 of 47
20.5%
experimenter phones
9 of 47
10%
two confederates
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92.5%
confederate throws switches
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The bigger the majority the more influential
Group size
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collectivist cultures more likely to obey than individualist cultures
Culture
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More likely to conform to authority where they have the most power
Location
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If the person giving the command is perceived as a legitimate authority and is one society rules us to obey, we obey
Perception of legitimate authority
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We are the agent of the person issuing instructions. Autonomous and agentic state
agency theory
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Anything which reduces the impact of the consequences of our actions
Buffers
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The larger the group, the less responsible we feel for our actions
Diffusion of responsibility
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The agreed expectations and rules which a culture expects its members to follow.
Social and cultural norms
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We obey small tasks, but once we complete the task find it harder to refuse a more serious task.
Gradual commitment
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Adorno et al 1950 proposed a personality type which he believed to be responsible for increased obedience in an individual.
Authoritarian personality
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People support each other and share information
Social support
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When someone models defiance in a group, the rest of the group gradually follows.
role models
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People may refuse to obey due to personal experience and knowledge
Personal experience and education
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People will disobey if they question the motives of the person in authority.
Questioning motives
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We believe we have freedom of choice, whenever this is threatened we disobey to restore our sense of freedom.
Loss of freedom
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Yielding to group pressure
Conformity
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Publicly but not privately going along with the majority to gain group approval
Compliance
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Public&private acceptance of majority to gain group acceptance
Identification
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Public&private acceptance of majority due to the adoption of group beliefs
Internalisation
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Based on the need to be the same as others and accepted
Normative influence
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When we conform because we don't know the answer
Informational influence
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Conformity increases with an increase of confederates
Size of the majority
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Conformity increases when the task at hand becomes more difficult.
Task difficulty
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If one confederate gives the right answer conformity will decrease
Unanimity
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Conformity drops when we feel less pressure as others do not know our answer
Answering privately
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To investigate whether conformity would increase when being right is important
Baron, vandello and brunsman
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People perform better in certain tasks when they are in the presence of other people
Social facilitation
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When the task at hand is complex and not well practised.
Social inhibition
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The response most likely to be given as it is the most usual and best practised response
Dominant response
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The presence of people causes a person to become alert and aroused
Arousal theory
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Observed pool players from a far and then up close. Competent players accuracy increased, incompetent players decreased
Michaels
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Cockroaches had to run either an easy or a hard maze either alone or with an audience. They ran the easy maze better with an audience, but the hard task took them longer with an audience
Zajonc
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Conttrell proposed that the apprehension of being evaluated by others caused arousal
Evaluation apprehension theory
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Ps performed typing tasks, alone, presence of 2 people, 2 experts, alone but filmed. Facilitation of well learnt responses
Henchy and glass
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Baron suggested that the presence of others is distracting because attention is divided between task and audience, this conflict causes arousal
Distraction conflict theory
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Ps given simple digit task completed alone or in the presence of another who distracted, or did another task and didn't distract.
Saunders et al
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Complying with the demands of an authority figure

Back

Obedience

Card 3

Front

40 male volunteers were classed as teachers, had to administer shocks to learner

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

65%

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

100%

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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