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6. Define preventional goals
- Concerned with obligations and personal responsibilities, striving to achieve the 'ought' self
- Concerned with personal aspiration and accomplishment of set goals, striving to achieve their 'ideal' self
- Concerned with delaying difficult or important tasks, instead completing easier ones in an attempt of avoidance
7. Define 'social categorisation'
- An extreme practice of splitting different social categories into separate areas of the city - e.g. 'Dauntless', 'Abnegation', and 'Erudite'
- Grouping different identities together, for example: 'blue collar', 'white collar', white, black, Asian etc.
- Splitting society so that it fits into certain categories
8. What do promotional focused people focus on?
- Achieving through others' failure, creating negative role modelling of 'cramming' rather than focused revision
- Achieving the highest possible grade, being inspired by positive role models of high achievement and trying to emulate them
- Achieving a good enough grade, focusing their energy on social and creative tasks that will help their mental health
9. What is the central hypothesis of SIT?
- Out-groups form as part of a resistance to majority views
- In-groups seek to find negative aspects of an out-group to enhance their self-image
- In-groups are powerful tools used by the majority in order to control the population
10. Define 'social identification'
- The extent to which we identify with certain groups and internalise them as part of our self-concept
- The terms used by society to tell who people are, for example, 'male' and 'female'
- A process used by the government and public sector agencies to identify people through DNA
11. What do preventional focused people focus on?
- Achieving the highest possible grade, being inspired by positive role models of high achievement and trying to emulate them
- Achieving through others' failure, creating negative role modelling of 'cramming' rather than focused revision
- Achieving a good enough grade, focusing their energy on social and creative tasks that will help their mental health
12. How is discrimination created, according to SIT?
- Discrimination is created when out-groups threaten the security of the in-group
- Individuals are more likely to display favouritism when an in-group is central to their self-definition and a given comparison is meaningful.
- Discrimination is created when our structural, cultural and personal identities cause us to act on our prejudices
13. What type of goals would a high-achiever focus on?
- Promotional goals
- Preventional goals
- Procrastitive goals
14. How does a high achiever evaluate their actions?
- Against their 'actual' self, a moderate factual comparison, such as their previous performance or the average performance
- Against the low achiever, boosting their self esteem, and causing them to become competitive
- Against the highest achiever, making them want to do better and causing them to become competitve
15. How does a low-achiever evaluate their actions?
- Against their 'ought' self, what they think they should have achieved
- Against their 'ideal' self, what they think they would ideally have achieved
- Against their peers actions, and how they could have achieved better
16. What impact does evaluating against the 'ought self' have?
- Causes an individual to view their performance as a failure, making them anxious and apprehensive about repeating it
- Causes an individual to view their performance as something to be bettered, increasing motivation
- Causes an individual to view their performance neutrally, with no real desire to increase or better it
17. According to Tajfel, what happens when people stereotype?
- We exaggerate differences between the groups, and exaggerate the similarities between things in the out-group
- We create barriers between the in-group and out-groups, eventually making it so that it is very difficult to exit the in-group
- We project the insecurities of the in-group onto the out-group
18. What impact does our self perception have?
- It impacts how we motivated we are to learn new skills
- It impacts our emotions, our responses to situations and how we ideally want to be
- It impacts our self esteem and readiness to join in-groups
19. What impact does evaluating against the 'actual self' have?
- Causes an individual to view their performance as a failure, as they have not transcended into their ideal self
- Causes an individual to view their performance as a success, increasing self-confidence, or increasing motivation if it is less than their potential
- Causes an individual to view their performance neutrally, with no real desire to increase or better it