Social Control (issues and debates)

TOKEN ECONOMY: summary

principles are rewarding desirable behaviour and ignoring undesirable behaviour with positive reinforcement and shaping

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TOKEN ECONOMY: how is it social control?

1)usually not a voluntary therapy: forcing people to partake 2)staff decide which behaviours are desirable and when tokens are given: manipulation of behaviour to fit the regime of the staff

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TOKEN ECONOMY: practical implications

1)cheaper than other therapies 2)usually not effective outside institutional setting 3)labour intensive: staff must be very involved in the programme 4)staff must be trained which takes time and money

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TOKEN ECONOMY: ethical implications

1)basic human rights can be withheld 2)can be used for profit e.g. with reward cards at supermarkets 3)debate over who has the right to modify their behaviour

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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING: summary

systematic desensitization and aversion therapies are types. SD:4 stages to overcome anxieties. relaxation response to replace anxiety. AT: give up undesirable habit by associating it with something unpleasant

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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING: how is it social control?

SD: patient decides on own hierarchy of anxieties and deciding their session aims. practitioner can push them to move further up the hierarchy. AT: practitioner decides what the unpleasant stimulus should be and patient often has to pay money

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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING: practical implications

1)time and cost effective: overcoming flying phobia can be done in a day for £200 2)limited use - only for phobias not for all mental disorders 3)

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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING: ethical implications

1)SD is ethically sound as the patient is in control of the whole process and can say when their anxiety level rises too high 2)AT can be used without the permission of the patient e.g. in the past to 'cure' homosexuality

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DRUG THERAPY: summary

used with the aim to allow people to function more effectively in society and to lead a normal life. used to treat mental disorders such as depression.

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DRUG THERAPY: how is it social control?

1)doctor decides when and what medication is administered 2)can make patient engage in therapy, for example, and if they do not agree then they cannot receive the medication 3)individual has control over whether they continue to take the meds

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DRUG THERAPY: practical implications

1)easy and quick and cheap to administer 2)usually only effective when paired with other treatments which means individual must give up a lot of their time overall

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DRUG THERAPY: ethical implications

1)side effects of drugs 2)therapists must follow rules such as confidentiality so ethical 3)patient may not be in a fit state to make the decision about taking drugs so who has the right to decide for them?: unethical bc no consent from individual

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INFLUENCE OF PRACTITIONER: how is it social control?

1)for talking therapies the therapist decides the content of the sessions 2)expected to change their thinking as dictated by the practitioner 3)clients will be told what their thoughts mean. this is social control bc the opinion of the practitioner

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INFLUENCE OF PRACTITIONER: practical implications

1)practitioners may use drug therapy because it is cheaper and easier when it may not be the right option for their patient 2)

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INFLUENCE OF PRACTITIONER: ethical implications

1)provide patients with such an insight into their mental disorder that they develop depression 2)psychoanalysts can insert false memories in minds of patients 3)have to follow ethical guidelines e.g. have interest of patient in mind, be qualified

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Social Control (issues and debates)

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