Developmental : weeks 5 + 6: Play

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What two types of play did Fagan differentiate between?
(1) Functional (2) Structural approach
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What was Fagan's functional approach to play?
There are no external goals and no clear immediate benefits
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What was Fagan's structural approach to play?
Play signals are the only behaviours that represent play.
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What does Krasnor and Pelpers model of play criteria involve?
Flexibility, positive effect, non literary, intrinsic movement
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What is play most commonly confused with in research?
Exploration
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What are two differences between play and exploration?
All species of mammal engage in play, play involves behaviour in a simulative mode.
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What was Smith et als extension to the play criterion model?
Means/ end : i.e. engaging in play is more important
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At what age did Lizard find play behaviours develop to align with cognitive maturation?
12 - 30 months
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What type of play did Pellogrini find important for providing dominance hierarchy?
Rough and Tumble
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In a classic study by Parten, what 6 categories of play did they identify?
Solitary, Onlooker, Parrallel, Associated, Fantasy
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How many and What age did Parten use in their classic study on play?
42 children aged 2 - 4 years old
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What 3 categories of play, identified by Parten, decrease as children get older?
Onlooker, Solitary, Parallel
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What three categories of play, identified by Parten, increase as children get older?
Associated, Cooperate, Fantasy
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Why does Partens classic play study have validity?
It was conducted in a naturalistic observation in a nursery setting.
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What is solitary play?
When children play alone
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What is onlooker play?
When children watch others play and stand closely observing
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What is associated play?
When children engage with others
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What is parallel play?
When children play with similar toys to others and nearby but not together
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What is cooperate play?
When interactions are essential and play becomes more complex.
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What three types of play did Piaget link to his stage theory?
Sensorimotor, Symbolic play and games with rules
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What is Piaget's sensorimotor play?
Concerns bodily sensation and motor development
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What age does Piagets sensorimotor play occur?
0 -2 years
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What is Piaget's symbolic play?
When children reason that one object can symbolise another and can act out experiences
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What are the 4 roles in role play? (identified by Piaget)
functional, stereotypical, fictional, family
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What age does symbolic play occur?
2 -6 years
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When did Piaget believe games with rules occurred?
approx age 5
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What stage did Smilansky add to Piaget's theory of play?
Constructive play where children make things, after sensorimotor play.
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What is the most basic developmental phase of physical play?
Rhythmical stereotypes
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What are the 3 developmental phases of physical play from basic too complex?
Rhythmical stereotypes, exercise play, rough and tumble play.
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What is a characteristic of object play?
Objects link person and environment
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What is not a function of play with objects?
Helps learning
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What is not a characteristic of fantasy play?
Significant gender differences
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What is decontextualised play?
Childrens abilities to use less similar objects to substitute.
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What agent uses have researchers identified in fantasy play?
1) self as agent, (2) passive other agent, (3) passive substitute, (4) active other agent
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What are the functions of fantasy play?
develops social skills, imagination and creativity.
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What are the functions of language play?
helps form relationships and improve literacy development
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What does spontaneous rhyming and word play as part of language play focus on?
sounds of words and enjoyment.
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What does play with fantasy and nonsense as part of language play involve?
nonsense words, assignment of funny names to objects and people
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What occurs from play with conservation as part of language play?
Children learn rules of conversations and begin to manipulate language
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How did Ariel and Sever find that play is determined by culture?
They found that Bedouin children exhibited low pretend play, whilst Kibbutz children engaged in high pretend play.
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What did Macdonald find about socioeconomic status and play?
Higher socio-economic status = higher levels of parent
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What did Macdonald find about low socioecominc status and play?
They are related to higher levels of sibling play
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What did Lever find about girls vs boys group sizes?
girls = smaller groups of 2 -3 of same age, boys = larger, mixed age groups
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Play behaviour is..
all answers
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When asked to pretend to brush their teeth, or comb their hair..
most 6 - 8 year olds imagined the brush or comb in their hand
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The referential triangle refers to children sorting toys by their shape?
False
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Who developed the exercise or practice theory of play?
Groos
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A study by Watson and Peng found an association for boys between a history of toy-gun play and levels of aggression. This shows that:
No firm conclusions can be drawn
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If told the riddle, 'Why does the turtle cross the road? To get to the Shell station' :
Both answers
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What was Fagan's functional approach to play?

Back

There are no external goals and no clear immediate benefits

Card 3

Front

What was Fagan's structural approach to play?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does Krasnor and Pelpers model of play criteria involve?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is play most commonly confused with in research?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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