Through observation and imitation of others' behaviour
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Vicarious reinforcement
Humans observe other people's behaviours and take note of its consequences. Behaviour seen to be rewarded (reinforced) is more likely to be copied than punished behaviour.
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Mediational (cognitive) processes
1) Attention - whether behaviour is noticed 2) Retention - whether behaviour is remembered 3) Motor reproduction - being able to do the behaviour 4) Motivation - the will to perform the behaviour
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Idenitifcation
Children are more likely to imitate the behaviour of people they identify with (role models) - this process is called modelling. Role models often posess similar characteristics to the observer but have a higher status and/or are more attractive.
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Bobo doll - Bandura's research 1
Children either watched an adult behaving aggressively towards the doll or behaving non-aggressively towards the doll. When given their own doll to play with, childen who saw aggression were more aggressive towards the doll.
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Bobo doll - Bandura's research 2
Children saw an adult who was either rewarded, punished or those who had no consequence. When given their own doll to play with, the children who saw aggression rewarded were much more aggressive towards the doll themselves.
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Children model aggressive behvaiour
Bobo doll studies suggests that children are more likely to imitate acts of violence if they observe these in an adult role model (modelling) and if the behaviour is seen to be rewarded (vicarious reinforcement).
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Humans observe other people's behaviours and take note of its consequences. Behaviour seen to be rewarded (reinforced) is more likely to be copied than punished behaviour.
Back
Vicarious reinforcement
Card 3
Front
1) Attention - whether behaviour is noticed 2) Retention - whether behaviour is remembered 3) Motor reproduction - being able to do the behaviour 4) Motivation - the will to perform the behaviour
Back
Card 4
Front
Children are more likely to imitate the behaviour of people they identify with (role models) - this process is called modelling. Role models often posess similar characteristics to the observer but have a higher status and/or are more attractive.
Back
Card 5
Front
Children either watched an adult behaving aggressively towards the doll or behaving non-aggressively towards the doll. When given their own doll to play with, childen who saw aggression were more aggressive towards the doll.
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