Social influence - notes

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What is conformity?
- A change in a person's behaviour/opinions due to real/imagined social pressure
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What is the compliance type of conformity?
- Superficial/temporary conformity/go along with majority view/privately disagree/group pressure stops=change stops
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What is the identification type of conformity?
- Moderate conformity/act like a group we value and want to be a part of/publicly change opinions/behaviour when privately disagree
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What is the internalisation type of conformity?
- Deep conformity/accept majority view as correct/permanent change in behaviour/opinion even when group is absent
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What is normative social influence (NSI)?
- Agree with majority to be accepted/desire to be liked [social approval]/leads to compliance
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What is informational social influence (ISI)?
- Agree with majority=we believe they're correct/we desire to be correct too/leads to internalisation/likely in new/difficult situations
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What was the procedure for Asch's research into conformity?
- Participants shown 'standard line' and 3 'comparison lines'/correct answer obvious/participants asked to match the standard/group=naive participant+6-8 confederates/naive participant last/18 trials, 12 trials=confederates answered wrong
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What are the 2 positives of asch's study?
It's a lab experiment so that means it can easily be replicated. It proved the aim that people give into social pressure.
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what are the 3 negatives of asch's study?
lacks external validity and mundane realism. lacks temporal validity as conformity rates would have been higher in 50's. androcentric sample
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what 3 situational variables were investigated by asch?
group size, unanimity and task difficulty
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How does group size affect the extent of conformity?
conformity increases when group size increases but to only a point
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How does unanimity affect the extent of conformity?
when unanimity is broken, conformity decreases. rates dropped from 32% to 5%
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How does task difficulty affect the extent of conformity?
when task difficulty increases conformity increases as the answer seems less obvious (ISI)
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What was the aim of Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment?
Whether people will conform to new social roles
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What were the results of Zimbardo's experiment?
The guards became abusive, and the prisoners began to show signs of extreme stress and anxiety.
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What were the 2 positives of Zimbardo's experiment?
the roles were reinforced, experience was realistic,
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what were the 3 negatives of zimbardo's experiment?
Not generalisable - Low population validity Only conducted once - Low reliability Ethical issues - Major stress was put on the participants, especially the prisoners
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What is deindividuation?
When you become so immersed in the norms of the group you lose your sense of identity/personal responsibility
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what are the 4 ethical issues with Zimbardos study?
Participants couldnt fully consent, pps were deceived about what would happen, told they could leave but made it impossible, ppts werent protected from harm
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What is obedience?
complying with the demands of an authority figure
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What was the aim of Stanley Milgram's research?
After the events of the Holohaust Milgram aimed to investigate whether the German's were more obedient
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What were the results of milgrams study?
2/3 of participants went the full way compared to 3% predicted
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What are the 3 advantages of Milgrams study?
showed the power of authority figure, controlled experiment,, all *** were debriefed
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What are the 3 disadvantages of Milgrams study?
low external validity, 3 people had seizures, androcentric
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What are 2 ethical considerations of milgrams study?
deception:people thought shocked were real right to withdraw: no right to withdraw was given
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what are 3 situational variables affecting obedience?
proximity, location and uniform
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How does proximity affect obedience?
when the teacher and learner are closer obedience decreases
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How does location affect obedience?
When locations have a higher authority obedience goes up
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How does uniform affect obedience?
adds a higher legitimacy of authority
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What is the agentic state?
- A mental state where you feel no personal responsibility for behaviour because you're acting on behalf of an authority figure. Frees us from conscience and allows us to obey a destructive authority figure
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What is the autonomous state?
- Opposite of agentic state/person is free to behave on their own principles so feels a sense of responsibility for their own actions
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what is the dispositional explanation for obedience?
the perception that behaviour is caused by internal characteristics
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What is the authoritarian personality?
A person that grew up with strict parents that obeys authority
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what are the two explanations of resistance to social influence?
locus of control and social support
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how does social support affect resistance to social influence?
if it is perceived that you have assistance from others means that you are less likely to conform even if the other person is wrong
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how does locus of control affect resistance to social influence?
if you have a high external locus of control you are less likely to conform
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what is minority influence?
where individuals reject majority norms
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what 3 things are needed for minority influence to work?
consistency, commitment and flexibility
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What does moscovici's study show?
that consistency is important, when the confederates were consistence conformity was at 32%
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How does flexibility affect minority influence?
when there is some flexibility minority influence increase
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How does consistency affect minority influence?
if the minority is consistent and shows confidence they will be persuasive
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How does commitment affect minority influence?
if the minority is committed to the cause then this can cause the doubt about established norms
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what is social change?
the process by which society changes beliefs to create a new norm
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the compliance type of conformity?

Back

- Superficial/temporary conformity/go along with majority view/privately disagree/group pressure stops=change stops

Card 3

Front

What is the identification type of conformity?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the internalisation type of conformity?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is normative social influence (NSI)?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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