Social Inequality

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Slavery
A form of stratification in which a section of the society has no rights. Individuals in this section of society are items of property which can be bought and sold.
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Racism
Attitudes to and beliefs about race which usually involve negative stereotypes of another race and lead to discrimination against people of that race.
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Caste
A rigid system of stratification in which an individual cannot move from the caste into which he or she was born.
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Ascribed Status
A position or social standing given to an individual on the basis of inherited characteristics.
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Achieved Status
a social position which individuals are able to gain through, for examples, hard work and/or qualifications
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Social Mobility
movement of individuals up or down a social scale
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Life Chances
the chances that sections of society have of achieving the 'things' which are valued by their society
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Subjective Class
the class into which an individual places themselves
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Working Class
the section of society composed of people engaged in manual work
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Middle Class
the section of society composed of people engaged in non-manual and professional work
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Trade Union
an organisation established by employees to protect their economic interests
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Ethnic Minority
an identifiable section of society with a distinct culture which constitutes a relatively small proportion of the population
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Sexism
being prejudiced against people because of their gender
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Racism
being prejudiced against people because of their race
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Ageism
being prejudiced against people because of their age
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Glass Ceiling
the informal barrier that makes it difficult for women to achieve high-level positions at work
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Gender Discrimination
treating people unfairly because of their gender
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Racial Discrimination
treating people unfairly because of their ethnicity
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Institutional Racism
occurs when the everyday practices and procedures of an organisation, for example, the police, lead to discrimination against ethnic groups either intentionally or unintentionally
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Wealth
the assets owned by an individual, for example, house, savings, a business
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Income
the money received by an individual in a period of time, for example, wages, interest on savings
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Embourgeoisement
the position that members of the working class develop middle-class attitudes and patterns of behavior as they become more affluent
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Proletarianisation
the proposition that many non-manual jobs in a modern economy put their workers in situations very similar to that of the manual factory worker
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Underclass
the group of people at the very bottom of the social structure who, either by their economic situation or culture, are cut off from the rest of society
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Absolute Poverty
a situation in which someone lacks the money to pay for the food, clothing, and housing necessary to maintain a healthy way of life
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Relative Poverty
a situation in which someone cannot afford to possess the kind of things and participate in the kind of activities considered by members of their society to be a normal part of life
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Social Exclusion
when people are unable, or feel unable, to play a full part in society. This may be owing to lack of material resources, discrimination by others and/or a sense that the rest of society neither wants nor respects them
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Environmental Poverty
deprivation experienced in neighbourhoods that are ugly, dirty, unsafe and which lack adequate services and amenities
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Relative Deprivation
felt when people compare their own situation to that of others whom they believe to be unfairly better off
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Cycle of Deprivation
a social process which may lead the children of poor parents to suffer poverty when adults. The factors identified as driving the process will depend on the perspective of the sociologist outlining the cycle
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White Collar
clerical, routine, middle class
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Welfare Scrounger
an individual who makes no contribution to society and exploits the benefits system, claiming as much as it is possible to get away with
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Attitudes to and beliefs about race which usually involve negative stereotypes of another race and lead to discrimination against people of that race.

Back

Racism

Card 3

Front

A rigid system of stratification in which an individual cannot move from the caste into which he or she was born.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

A position or social standing given to an individual on the basis of inherited characteristics.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

a social position which individuals are able to gain through, for examples, hard work and/or qualifications

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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