Social Groups

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  • Created by: annie1405
  • Created on: 29-08-17 21:45
Sociolinguistics
The study of the relationship between language use and social factors including differences of region, class, gender, bilingualism, occupation and dialect
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Factors affecting language use
Age, gender, ethnicity, occupation, social class, sexuality, hobbies, devience, region, context
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Macro level approach
Large scale study of social groups looking at social class, age or gender
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Micro level approach
Operating on a small scale, studying individuals and how their language varies in small scale interactions
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Communication Accomodating Theory (CAT)
The idea that when people interact they adjust their speech, vocal patterns and gestures to accomodate others. A macro level approach developed by Howard Giles
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Convergence
Adjusting our language to decrease the social distance between people by making our speach more like the other persons speech. Can be Upwards, Downwards and mutual convergence
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Divergence
Adjusting out language to emphasise the differences between people so that their speech styles move further apart. Can be upwards and downwards diverfence
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The social stratification of English
Labov 1966, Conducted an experement in New york department stores and speakers that were in more prestige stores that were aspiring to use more prestige accents used the Post Vocalic /r/. (Pronouncing and /r/ after a vowel e.g. farm, sir, horse)
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Density
The number of connections that people have
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Multiplexity
The number of ways that 2 individuals may relate to each other
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Jenny Chesire (1982)
Established a correlation between social behavior and language use. Found evidence that teenagers adapted their language to conform and establish their identity as part of a social group and toughest girls and boys used non standard Grammar 'aint'
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The Jocks and the Burnouts
Penelope Eckert (2000) researched American high school students and found 2 groups. Jocks and Burnouts
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The jocks and the burnouts ( Jocks)
Participated in school life, Middle class speech, critical of burnouts ungrammatical speech, swearings and not being articulate
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The jocks and the burnouts (Burnouts)
Rebellious and refused to take part in school activities, Urban Accent, Split into subgroups, think that Jocks speak like their parents
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Familect
Harriet Powney suggests there a familect where families create their own private lexis to refer to shared meaning.
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Ethnolect
A style of language thought to be a characteristic of a particular ethnic group
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Genderlect
A style of language thought to be distinctive to either men or women
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Sociolect
A style of language used within a particular social group
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Dialect
A style of language used within a particular geographical region
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Social practices
(Penelope Eckert) The ways in which people in groups habitually behave
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Communities of Practice
Lave and Wenger (1991) - A group of people who share understandings, perspectives and forms of language used as a result of regularly meeting. Includes mutual engagement, Joint negotiated enterprise and a shared repertoire
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Restricted code
An idea developed advanced by Bernstein thay working class speakers use context based limited forms of language relating to the here and now
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Elaborated Code
An idea by Bernstein that middle class speakers use context free, compex forms of language and more independant of context.
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Pragmatic rules
The unspoken rules that operate in interactions between people who share a common undersanding.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Age, gender, ethnicity, occupation, social class, sexuality, hobbies, devience, region, context

Back

Factors affecting language use

Card 3

Front

Large scale study of social groups looking at social class, age or gender

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Operating on a small scale, studying individuals and how their language varies in small scale interactions

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The idea that when people interact they adjust their speech, vocal patterns and gestures to accomodate others. A macro level approach developed by Howard Giles

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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