Reading playground theory: the toughest boys and girls use more non-standard forms
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What is Howard Giles' theory?
Accommodation theory: when people interact they adjust their speech/gestures/patterns to accommodate to others (convergence, divergence)
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What is divergence?
When people's styles move further apart
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What is convergence?
Moving our speech closer to the other person's
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What is a downward convergence?
When for example if someone with an RP accent toned down their dialect to a lower class
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What is an upward convergence?
When someone with a 'working class' dialect spoke to an RP accent
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What is covert prestige?
Nationally recognised and associated with high education / law / government
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What is overt prestige?
Non-standard form, more relaxed
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What is Trudgill's theory?
Women used prestige language more than men of the same class, nonstandard language is used a lot by males, in Norwich adding 'ng' as a suffix is prestigious
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What is Deborah Cameron's view?
That women are assigned to a social class by their husbands jobs
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What is Bernstein's elaborated code?
Language used by well educated people, vocabulary is detailed and aritculate
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What is Bernstein's restricted code?
Language used by friends and family in informal settings, grammatically incorrect, can be slang
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What did Labov do?
Interviewed people in different ages/social groups to pronounce vowels he wanted to study
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What did he find?
That the pronunciation from vowel sounds were changing from standard american pronunciation to 'vineyard speakers'
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is Howard Giles' theory?
Back
Accommodation theory: when people interact they adjust their speech/gestures/patterns to accommodate to others (convergence, divergence)
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