when did the government start the national sleep foundation?
2004
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individual differences in amount of sleep required?
temperament - some just dont need as much sleep - key is how child seems during the day - if seem fine no need to worry
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how do we measure sleep?
sleep diaries, actigraphy, sleep EEG (polysomnography), acti-watches (promise but not accurate)
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how can the cycle of sleep be broken into?
slow wave sleep and REM (dreaming and paradoxical sleep) - need both
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what is stage 4 sleep?
slow and deep - delta activity
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when do we have deeper sleep in the night
later in night - if have short sleep window have less slow wave sleep so why feel tired
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how much sleep do different age groups need?
infants 16 hours, teenagers 9 hours, adults 7-8 hours, elderly less than 7
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what was Margaret Thatchers problem?
she claimed she only needed 5 hours sleep but she developed dementia which is linked to sleep deprivation
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how is sleep adaptable?
to keep out of harms way
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how does sleep benefit physical/mental restoration
improvements of memory following a nap (overnight memory consolidation) - going to sleep allows us to solve problem more creatively the next day - brain active during sleep and rehearses/replays info learnt - pruning out un-useful info
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what did horne and minard find?
pps given unexpected busy day - found pps had similar amount of sleep that usually reported compared to controls, but those experiencing busy day had more slow wave sleep
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sleep pattern of newborn?
sleeps for 14-16 hours, equally distributed between stages - as get to 6 weeks sleep more at night than day, see sleep spindles at deeper stages at 12 weeks - 8 hours of cycle in REM (when child it goes to 1 hour)
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what do sleep spindles correlate with?
memory and IQ
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sleep and puberty?
increase in grey matter in temporal lobes peaks by puberty - then decreases and white matter increases - correlating with changes in sleep patterns of increase in late nights
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role of sleep and learning?
relationship between sleep architecture and procedural info in children - when taught new words in eve and lots of sleep recalled more, when both groups get lots of sleep AM improves but PM group still better (best to learn in eve)
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what did the sorts of words they were teaching affect memory/sleep?
non-words that overlapped with normal words - so recognition system slows time taken to remember words the more they overlap - but only after sleep
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what are the 2 memory systems involved in learning in sleep?
hippocampus is fast initial learning - neocortex (LTM links the two to allow for transferring of info)
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what are the characteristics of sleep deprivation?
dizziness, concentration impaired, irritable, physically unwell etc - when measure mood, memory and physical performance - sleep deprivation has neg effect
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evidence of reduced sleep in children?
few studies due to ethical issues - longitudinal based on cohort questionnaires suggest link between sleep and daytime functioning (short sleep duration = greater behavioural problems at school & lower cog performance)
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what did the millenium cohort study show?
11,000 7-year old children - sleep questionnaires about bedtime/routine - lack of regular bedtime was related to cognitive abilities and this pattern was set earlier in development & may be cumulative
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why did interventions in schools fail?
children wouldnt listen - increased knowledge but no behaviour change - question of adherence rather than effectiveness
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behavioural intervention for children with ADHD in saudi arabia?
needs to be culturally sensitive - bedroom should have good conditons and minimise electronics, establish routine and child needs to fall asleep on own
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
individual differences in amount of sleep required?
Back
temperament - some just dont need as much sleep - key is how child seems during the day - if seem fine no need to worry
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