Skull overview and structure Anatomy

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What is the Frankfurt horizontal plane used for? What are the 3 points that define it?
to compare skulls of different individuals so in order to do that the skulls must be in the same orientation. right and left porin points (located at the top of each external acoustic meatus) and left orbital (located at the bottom of the left orbit)
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what does norma basilaris, verticalis and occipitals mean ?
from below, above and behind
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What is the advantage of having more joints?
more joints between bones enables babies with bigger heads to be born. Facilitate complex growth patterns. increase the resilience of the structure and so reduce the danger of fractures.
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What is the skull divided into?
the neurocranium and viscerocranium
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What is the neurocranium and what does it consist of?
consists of a base and vault (side walls and roof). it supports and protects the brain
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what is the viscerocranium?
the upper part forms the orbits and nose and the lower part together with the mandible forms the jaws. concerned with breathing and eating. consists of most of face, hyoid and larynx
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How is the neurocranium divided?
membranous and cartilaginous neurocranium. - Dermatocranium and chondrocranium
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Give features of the dermatocranium
flat bones of the skulls cap- frontal, parietal. formed by intramembranous ossification. membrane bone more protective
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Give features of the chondrocranium
bones of base of the skull- ethmoid, sphenoid. formed by endochondrol ossification and endochondral bone is more supportive
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Name the labels: a, b and c sphenoid b-nasal bone c- nasal aperture s
a- sphenoid b-nasal bone c- nasal aperture slide 10
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Name the label ethmoid
ethmoid- slide 11
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Name the labels.zygomatic arch, mastoid process and styloid process. d- sphenoid
zygomatic arch, mastoid process and styloid process. d- sphenoid- slide 12
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medial pterygoid b- lateral pterygoid c- palatine
a- medial pterygoid b- lateral pterygoid c- palatine slide 15
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Label the lesser and greater wing of the sphenoid bone
see labeled- slide 16
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Wha is labeled
sella turcica
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Name the labels: a, b, c, d, e ethmoid b- vomer c- inf nasal concha d- lacrimal e- nasal
see from slide 19 for answers
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What bones are in the base of the skull?
sphenoid, temporal, occipital
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what bones are in the calvaria? (roof and sides)
frontal, parietals, sphenoid, temporals, occipital (ethmoid)
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what bones are in the face
frontal, maxillae, nasals, zygomatics, lacrimals
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Where is the zygomaticotemporal, frontal, maxillary suture?
see slide 26
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where is the coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, squamosal suture?
slide 25
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where is the Atlanto- occipital and axial joint?
slide 27,28
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Label. styloid process, external acoustic meatus, posterior and anterior nares
see slides 31-36
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label- foramen lacerum, spinosum, internal acoustic meatus, crista galii
38,39
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label- inferior, middle and superior nasal concha
41,42
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label crista galli, perpendicular plate, superior and mid conchae of ethmoid bone
43-45
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label- temporal line, frontal air sinus, supraorbital margin and foramen+ nasal spine
46,47
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label- maxillary sinus, infraorbital foramen, zygomatic process+incisive canal
48,49
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label lingula, gonial angle, mental protuberances, coronoid notch, mylohyoid line and groove+mandibular foramen
50
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label-body, foramen spinosum and lacerum, pyterygoid hamulus, pterygoid plates and canal + spine of sphenoid
50,51
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label- stylomastoid foramen, squamous part, mastoid process, styloid process + external and internal acoustic meatus
53,54
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Label- hypoglossal canal and nuchal lines of occipital bone
55
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label- meningeal grooves. parietal eminence of parietal bone
56 and 57
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label the greater and less horns and body of hyoid
58
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Label-perpendicular platem pyramidal process, posterior nasal spine, greater palatine foramen, lesser palatine foramen +horizontal plate
59
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label- zygomatico temporal foramen, facial foramen, frontal process , maxillary and temporal process + orbital margin
60
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what is the lightness of the skull optimised by?
dipole, orbits, cavities, paranasal sinuses
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what helps to give strength to the skull?
crumple zones of viscerocranium, buttress system, suture joints between the many bones of the neurocranium. near spherical shape of neurocraniun
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how is the babies' head deformable?
wide sutures, frontanelles, thin, deformable bones of neurocranium
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what are the flat bones of dermatocrasium made of?
from an outer and inner plate of thin compact bone
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how does multiple smaller bones help to stop cracks in the skull
crack stoppers, long cracks spread out from point of injury but small ones don't. presence of the dipole means that only the outer plate of bone may fracture , helping to protect the brain inside
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what is the buttressing system of the skull?
the forces on the upper teeth are able to pass through the maxilla and are dispersed into the vault of the skull away from the relatively delicate orbit and nasal areas
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which are the strengthened parts of the buttress system?
frontonasal, zygomatic and pterygoid
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which one is le fort 2?
slide 68
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what does norma basilaris, verticalis and occipitals mean ?

Back

from below, above and behind

Card 3

Front

What is the advantage of having more joints?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the skull divided into?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the neurocranium and what does it consist of?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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