- gives us our unique shape
- rigid frame
- your bones give you shape
- support soft tissues
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Functions - support
- support for organs
- something for them to attach or suspend
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Functions - protection
- protects vital organs in the body
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Functions - movement
- allows movement of the body as a whole
- bones act as levers and also form joints that allow muscles to pull on them and produce joint movements.
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Functions - mineral storage
- the bones themselves are made of minerals and act as a mineral store for calcium and phosphorus.
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Functions - blood cell production
- certain bones in the skeleton contain red bone marrow.
- bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
EXAMPLES: pelvis, sternum, vertebrae, clavicle
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Bone type - sesamoid
- protects tendons from stress and wear
- holds the tendon slightly further away from the joint, this increases it's movement
BONES: patella
- provide stability and some movement
BONES: carpals, tarsals
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Bone type - flat
- protect vital organs
- provide large areas of attachment for muscles
BONES: cranium, sternum, ribs, scapula, pelvis
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Bone type - long
- support the weight of the body and facilitate movement.
- mostly located in the appendicular skeleton
BONES: clavicle, humerous, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula, femur, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges
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Joint type - fixed/fused
- no movement is possible at these joints
BONES: skull
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Joint type - Cartilaginous
- slightly moveable
- connected by cartilage
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Joint type - synovial
- large range of movement
- 6 different types
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Synovial
Hinge
- allow for flexion and extension
JOINTS: elbow, knee
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Synovial
Ball and socket
- freely moving, can rotate on any axis
JOINTS: hip, shoulder
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Synovial
Gliding
- move against each other on a single plane
JOINTS: vertebral column
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Synovial
Condyloid
- allows for circular motion, flexion and extension
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Synovial
Saddle
- allows for flexion, extension and other movements but no rotation
JOINTS: thumb
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