Skeletal and Muscular System

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What is a ligament?
A tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue
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What is synovial fluid?
Lubricating liquid contained within the joint cavity.
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What is articular cartilage?
Smooth tissue which covers the surface or articulating bones
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What is a joint capsule?
A fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane
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What is a bursa?
Closed fluid filled sac found where tendons rub over bones
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What are the three planes of movement?
Sagittal, Frontal and Transverse
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What Movement patterns occur on the Sagittal plane?
Flexion, Extension, Dorsi-flexion, Plantar-flexion
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What movement patterns occur on the transverse plane?
Horizontal flexion, extension and Rotation
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Give an example of a Ball and socket joint and the articulating bones?
Shoulder, Humerus and Scapular
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What type of joint is at the Elbow, Knee and Ankle?
Hinge
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What are the articulating bones at the Elbow?
Humerus, Radius and Ulna
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What plane of movement does Adduction occur on?
Frontal plane
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What is the agonist?
Muscle responsible for creating movement at a joint
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What is the antagonist?
Muscle opposing the agonist, proving a resistance for co-ordinated movement
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What is the fixator?
muscle stabilising one part of the body while another moves
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What are the two types of isotonic muscle contractions?
Concentric and Eccentric
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Define Concentric muscle contraction
Muscle shortens to produce tension
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Define an eccentric muscle contraction
Muscle lengthens to produce tension
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What is an isometric muscle contraction?
Muscle contracts but does not change length and no movement in created
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What are motor neurons?
Specialised cells which transmit nerve impulses rapidly to a group of muscle fibers
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What is given the term 'motor unit'?
Motor neuron and muscle fibers
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Summarise the role of a motor unit
Nerve impulse initiated in motor neurone cell body. Impulse sent down axon in form of action potential to synaptic cleft. Acetycoline secreted into synaptic cleft to conduct impulse across gap. If charge is above threshold, fiver will contract.
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What is meant by the all-or-none law?
If stimulus is above threshold, all muscle fibres will contract. If not none will contract
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Name the three types of muscle fibre?
1, Slow oxidative. 2, Fast oxidative glycolytic. 3, Fast glycolytic
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Briefly describe SO fibres
Provide energy for sub-maximal aerobic work, Contract intermittently to give overall low contraction force, Individual fibres will recover very quickly
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How would you adapt training to aid SO muscle fibres?
1:1 work:relief ratio, Training can occur on a daily basis, Advised in-between heavy weight training sessions
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Describe FOG fibres
Produce large amount of force quickly, capacity to resist fatigue
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In which activities are FOG fibres more likely to be used?q
High-intensity activities lasting a few minutes (800m)
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Describe FG muscle fibres
Recruited in the last 2-10 seconds of contractions, accompanied by eccentric muscle damage which causes DOMS
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If FG fibres are worked to exhaustion how long do they take to recover?
4-10 days
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is synovial fluid?

Back

Lubricating liquid contained within the joint cavity.

Card 3

Front

What is articular cartilage?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a joint capsule?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is a bursa?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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