SITUATIONAL VARIABLES and SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING OBEDIENCE

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  • Created by: floberry1
  • Created on: 17-05-17 11:26
how many situational variables did MIlgram test?
three
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what were they?
Uniform, Location and Proximity
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how did MIlgram vary the proximity?
originally the learner and teacher were in different rooms but in the variation they could see eah other.
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what was the effect of this on the levels of obedience
obedience dropped from 65% - 40%
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how else did migram test the effects of proximity on obedience
the experimenter left the room. the teacher had to force the learners hand onto the plate
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what were the effects of this?
both of these lowered the % of conforming participants
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how did Milgram test the effect of location of the study?
he repeated the study in a run down building as opposed to a lab
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what did the % pf oberdience fall to?
47.5%
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why did it lower
because the experimentor was seen with less authority
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what did the % of overall obedience fall to when a 'member of the public' played the role of experimenter?
20% - the lowest of all the variations
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why does a uniform create a higher obedience rate?
because it is symbollic of authority
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what is a situational variable?
factors which influence the level of obedience - all related to external factors.
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whos study shows support for milgrams situational variables?
Bickmans public oders experiment - different uniforms setting commands
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what limitations are there of milgrams situational variations study?
lack of internal validity (ppts knew it was fake) therefore its hard to know to what extent the theory is relevant.
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another strength of milgrams study?
cross cultural relevance. a study showed that 90% of spanish students conformed in the same circumstances however this is still a western country
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why is it a good thing that Milgram carried out the situational variables tests one at a time?
because it showed that he had control over the other variables and he could be confident that it was infact that variable making the impact.
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which are the internal and which are the external factors affecting obedience; situational variables & social psychological factors
situational variables = external factors affecting obedience & social psychological = internal factors
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how can you remember the agentic state?
when in the agentic state; you're acting as an AGENT for someone else
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therefore what is the agentic state?
the agentic state is when you feel no personal responsibility for the actions you are demonstrating
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what does the agentic state allow us to do?
obey orders we would not usually obey because the responsibility has been shifted to someone else
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what is the opposite to the agentic state?
the autonomous state
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what are the characteristics of being in an autonomous state?
having your own free will and acting on personal morals and principles. holding your own integrity
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what is the transition between the two states called
the agentic shift
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why does this happen (Milgram)
when someone percieves someone else as being of higher authority (social hierarchy)
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what are binding factors?
aspets of the situation that allow people to ignore or minimise the damaging effect of their behaviour
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give an example of a binding factor
blaming the victim saying it was their fault
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give examples of people that hold a high position in social hierarchy
police officers, nightclub bouncers, teachers etc
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why is there a social hierarchy, why do some people have greater authority than the rest of us
because thats how society can function smoothly
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what is the legitimacy of authority?
an explanation for why we are more likely to obey people that hold more authority
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what is one of the negative things that comes with legitimacy of authority?
these people in power are able to use their authority to do destructive things. they exercise their powers in the wrong ways
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what evidence supports the theory of the legitimacy of authoriy?
people that were shown clips of the milgram experiment tended to agree that it was the experimenter that was to blame because he was at the top of the social hierarchy
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what is a limitation of the angetic state explanation?
it doesnt explain why some people did not obey in the experiment. it can't account for those that did not continue.
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what do replications of the study in different countries show?
that the degree to which authority is legitimised varies massively between countries.
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what are the reuslts of the studies that prove this to be true?
australia had a 16% obedience rate, germany had an 85% obedience rate
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what is the strength of the angentic shift and legitimacy of authority explanation?
it has good real life application, it can be used to explain why people obey in real life war crimes
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what is the strength of the angentic shift and legitimacy of authority explanation?
it has good real life application, it can be used to explain why people obey in real life war crimes
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what were they?

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Card 4

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how else did migram test the effects of proximity on obedience

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