1) females synchronous in oestrus causal = chemical cues? take over by males functional = better cub survival 2) young die with new males causal = abortion or infanticide function = oestrus quicker + reduce comp for young
handicap = expressed in good + bad conditions & reduces variability
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what is the Hamilton-zuk hypothesis? with examples
selection for handicaps will increase resistance in the future e.g. 3-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) redder males -= healthier
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what is sex role reversal and when does it occur?
males become choosy if they invest highly or if female competition for males is high
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what are the processes for sperm competition?
competition between sperm and female cryptic sperm choice
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why do females copulate with multiple males?
cost of resistance exceeds acquiescence (harassment + infanticide) or benefits from resources or genetics (EPC's)
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example for sexual conflict - over mating
water striders = antagonistic co-evolution of male grasping and female resistance
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example of sperm removal
male damselflies/dragonflies - remove rival sperm before depositing own
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example of sperm displacement
male dung flies flush out previous males
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example of copulatory plugs
orb-web spiders detach 1 palp to plug
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example of anti-aphrodisiac
butterfly (Heliconius erato) deposit scent on females
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example of seminal fluids (Accessory gland proteins-ACPs)
Drosophila melanogaster sperm contains proteins that alter female behaviour/fitness = incapacitate rival sperm, increase egg laying rate or decreasing propensity to remate
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example of strategic allocation of sperm
feral fowls (Gallus gallus) choose to allocate more to females that lay larger eggs, investment decreases with repeated mating with same female but increases with novel female = Coolidge effect
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Give examples for Tinbergen's
Back
1) females synchronous in oestrus causal = chemical cues? take over by males functional = better cub survival 2) young die with new males causal = abortion or infanticide function = oestrus quicker + reduce comp for young
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