Sexual Selection

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  • Created by: Emilyio
  • Created on: 17-04-16 15:05
(A01) Who theorised Sexual Selection?
Darwin 1874
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(A01) What 2 processes are involved?
1) Intrasexual Selection, (matecompetition) 2)Intersexual selection (mate choice)
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(A01) Intrasexual selection (mate competition)
Members of one sec compete with each other for access ro members of the other sex. Victors are able to mate and so pass on their genes, whatever traits lead to success, will be passed on.
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(A01) Intersexual selection (mate choice)
Preferences of one sex for memberd of the opposite sex who possess certain qualities. The preferences of one sex determine what areas the other sex must compete.
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(A01) Intersexual selection (mate choice) - good genes
Indicators revealing traits to be passed on to offspring
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(A01) Intersexual selection (mate choice) - good parents
information about the chances of mate being able to give protection and suppor to offspring.
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( A01) Intersexual selection (mate choice) - 'pre-programmed'
Humans are pre-programmed to attend to displays of these indicators, which in turn, increases their willingness to mate with the individual who possesses them.
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( A01) Short Term Mating -Evolutionary pressure gender difference
The reason a female is not sibjected to desires of casual sex would be that a man would be able to impregnate a large number of females over a year, whereas a woman would produce only a single child if she had the same number of sexual partners .
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( A01) Short Term Mating - Buss 2007
The less time a man permits to elapse before he has sexual intercourse with a woman, the larger number of women he can impregnate in a given time.
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( A01) Short Term Mating - Buss & Schmitt 1993 -
men appear to lower their standards in the context of short term mating and show a marked decrease in attraction following sex- an evolved adaptation to remove chance of spending too much time with one woman.
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( A01) Long Term Mating - Choosiness
offspring is a high investment in such relatrionships and so both partners must be choosy. Poor choices will result in a waste of resources for both.
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( A01) Long Term Mating - What type of males are attractive to women? (Buss 2003)
1) those who are able to invest resources in her and her children. 2) able to physically protect her and her children. 3) a good parent 4) compatible for minimal costs to her and her children.
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( A02) Gener bias - Greiling & Buss 2000
Men could not have evolved a preference for short term mating without willing females. G & B 2000 suggest that the woman can benefit through 'MATE SWITCHING' or producing more genetically diverse children. Explanations on ST mating on males is bias
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( A02) Sex differences in mate preferences - Buss 1989
10,000 peopl in 37 cultures. He found i) women preferred men with good financial prospects. ii)men wanted physical attractiveness iii)Men wanted younger women iv)Both wanted intellect,kindness, dependancy.
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( A02) Validity issue with Buss 1989
It gives us an indication of expressed validity rather than what happens in real life.
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( A02) Line Of Argument for 'Validity Issues' with Buss 1989, (Buss 1989)
However, many rel-life studies have found support for these preferences. Buss 1989, a study of actual marriages in 29 cultures, found men choose younger women. Men who divorce remarry younger women.
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( A02) Sex differences in ST mating - Clarke & Hatfield 1989 (Method)
Approached stranger on college campus + offered them a compliment, then asked them a question out of 1)Would you go on a date with me? 2)Will you come back to my apartment? 3)Would you have sex with me?
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( A02) Sex differences in ST mating - Clarke & Hatfield 1989 (Findings)
They found that females, 50% said they would go on a date. 6% would go back to his apartment and 0% would have sex. However, Males = 50% would go on a date, 69% would go to her apartment and 75% agreed to have sex.
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( A02) Sex differences in ST mating - Clarke & Hatfield 1989 (Suggestions?)
It suggests that men have obviouslyl evolved psychological mechanisms to eensure success in short-term mating, like sexual variety, tendencies to let little time elapse before seeking Sexual Intercourse and willingness to consent sex with strangers
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( A02) Importance of fertility -
in human females, Oestrus is hidden, although some research suggests near optimal fertile point of menstruation, they're more attractive to men.
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( A02) Importance of fertility - Miller et al 2007
US study on lap dancers. Lap dancers on varying stages of menstruation. Those in the fertile oestrus phase of their cycle earned almost twice the value of tips.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

1) Intrasexual Selection, (matecompetition) 2)Intersexual selection (mate choice)

Back

(A01) What 2 processes are involved?

Card 3

Front

Members of one sec compete with each other for access ro members of the other sex. Victors are able to mate and so pass on their genes, whatever traits lead to success, will be passed on.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Preferences of one sex for memberd of the opposite sex who possess certain qualities. The preferences of one sex determine what areas the other sex must compete.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Indicators revealing traits to be passed on to offspring

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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