Sex and Stress

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What is the definition of stress?
Physiological reaction to the perception of aversion/threatening event
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What is fight or flight?
Preparation for a threatening situation
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What are body energy reserves mobilised by?
Adrenal glands
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What does the adrenal medulla secrete?
Epinerphrine and nor epnerphrine
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What does Epinerphrine do?
Affects glucose metabolism, muscle stored nutrients become available
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What does epinerphrine and nor epinerphrine do?
Increase heart rate and blood pressure
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What does Adrenal cortex secrete?
Cortisol
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What is another name for cortisol?
Glucocorticoid
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What does a glucocorticoid do?
Converts protein to glucose, make fats available for energy, intense blood flow and increase behavioural responsiveness
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What is the first stage of Fight or flight?
PVN of hypothalamus, secretes a peptide: CRH
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What does a CRH do?
Stimulates the anterior pituitry gland o release ACTH
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What does the ACTH do?
Enters the general circulation and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucorticoids
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What did Cohen suggest was one of the health effects of long term stress?
Survivors of concentration camps have poorer health later in life than controls
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What did Theorell et al suggest?
SUbway train drivers that injure or kill people are more likely to be ill months later
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What did Glucocorticoids do?
Increase blood pressure, damage muscle tissue, infertility, suppress imune system and streoid diabetes inhibit growth
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What are the three classes of se organs?
Gonads, internal genitalia and external genitalia
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What are the gonads?
First sex organ to develop
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What are the 2 roles?
Produce sperm and ova
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What do they secrete?
Hormones: organisation effects which determine sex organs and brain
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What is the activation effects?
Effects occur later, produce sperm, induce ovulation and erection
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When are foetuses differentiated in sex?
At 6 weeks of pregnancy
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What is the sex determining region ?
Gene on the Y chromosome causes the gonads to become testes
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When does internal genitalia develop?
Until 3 months of gestation, embryo posses the precursors to both Male and female sex organs
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What is the male system?
Mullerian system
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What is the female system?
Wolffian system
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What happens at 3 months?
The precursor withers
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What is natures impulse to create?
A girl
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What happens when testes secrete testosterone?
Anti-mullerian hormone de feminising effect and androgens have a masculinising effect
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What is androgen insensitivity syndrome?
Genetically male, mutation prevents tohe formation of androgen recceptors
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What are the primitive gonads?
Testes
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What do they secrete?
Anti-mullerian hormone (prevents internal genetalia developent, androgens no effect (no masculsation)
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What is persistant mullerian duct syndrome?
Caused by the absence of the antimullerian hormone, absence of receptors for this hormone
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What happens if this occurs in males?
Androgens --> masculising effect, no defusing effect, develop both sets of internal organs
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What is Turner's syndrome?
CO foetus
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Therefore?
No Y foetus (testes dont develop but ** needed to make ovaries
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What happens?
Still develop internal and external genetalia but absence of ovaries means turner's syndromes cant bear children
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What is adrenogenital syndrome?
decrease in cortisol and increase levels of adrenal androgens
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This leads to?
No effect in males but can onset puberty
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What can it lead to in females?
Enlarged ******** and fused labia
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What dont females develop?
external genetalia
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What are sex organs dependent on?
sex organs depedent on androgen
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What is the first stage of puberty?
hypothalamus secretes gonadorophin-releasing hormone
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What does this stimulate?
Anterior pituitry gland to release gonadtrophic hormons
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What are gonadtrophic hormones?
Follicle stimulating hormones, lutenizing hormones, in women: prduce follicles and enabls mentruation and ovaries secrete estrrgen
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What is the final stage of puberty?
Stimulates glands to produce hormnone
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What do male rats do when they see a female?
Nuzzling, genital sniffing, licking and mounting, after 10 intromissions (each lasting 0.25s) ejaculating occurs
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What is the refractory period?
Interval between successive *********** increases
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what happens once a male is exhausted?
A new female rejuvinates him
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What is the coolidge effect?
Depends on identification of scent
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What happens on female participation?
Moves tails away, stnads rigidly and raise hind quarters
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What do female rodents do?
Quick short hopping movements and ear wriggling, men find this completely irresitible
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What happens when a rat attempts to have sex with a non oestrus female?
Fight or flight
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What do women do?
Initiate more sex during ovulation when estradiol levels are high
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What happens when men are given a GnTH antagonist or placebo?
Decrease sexual interest, fantasy and intercourse
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How is the effect removed?
By giving testosterone and thinking about sex increases testosterone
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is fight or flight?

Back

Preparation for a threatening situation

Card 3

Front

What are body energy reserves mobilised by?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does Epinerphrine do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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