Settlement Change

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  • Created by: Smartieee
  • Created on: 15-06-13 18:24
Human factors affecting the site of a settlement
Communications and Resources
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Settlement shapes
Nucleated (houses clustered together often form at a crossroad), Dispersed (farming villages) and Linear (buildings on either side of a road, valley or coastline)
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Counter urbanisation definition
The movement out of cities to rural areas, due to a more favourable location.
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Reasons for counter urbanisation
1) urban areas see an increase in pollution, crime and traffic. 2) increase in car ownership has meant people can commute 3) improved technology allows people to work from home 4) retired population prefer rural areas 5) business parks
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Negative impacts of counter-urbanisation on rural areas
1) conflict between locals and newcomers 2) commuting causes congestion and increase in pollution 3) house prices increase, annoying for locals. 4) many newcomers shop in big supermarkets 5) lack of community spirit 6) churches close
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Positive impacts of counter-urbanisation on rural areas
1) local schools have an increase in attendance 2) pubs and local tradesmen are used more often 3) houses are renovated
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Negative effects of rural depopulation
45% of people who lived in rural areas in 2001, lived over 4km away from their nearest doctor and post office. In Devon 22% of it's post offices have closed, since 2001. Only 50% of those living in remote rural areas have bank accounts.
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Increase in land use in urban areas
Increased demand for housing & deindustrialisation with manufacturing moving from urban areas in the UK to LICs shorter labour is cheaper and migration to the UK.
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Social reasons for changes in land use in Urban Areas
People are marrying later on in life - Age has gone up from 24 in the 1960s to 30 in 2010. Rise of divorce numbers, so two houses are needed. People are living longer, grandparents can live by themselves due to NHS etc.
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Economic reasons for changes in land use in Urban Areas
The UK is now wealthier than ever before. People can afford to buy properties at an earlier age. Renting and mortgages have become increasingly popular.
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Political reasons for changes in land use in Urban Areas
In 2000 it was predicted that the population of gen UK would rise by 4.1 million between 2001, and 2021. Need for housing.
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Brownfield sites
Abandoned or derelict buildings being renovated. E.g. Norwich.
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Greenfield sites
New housing in the countryside, on land that hasn't been built on before. E.g. Bracknell in Berkshire.
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Advantages of brownfield sites
Planning permission is easy to get, government encourage it. Infrastructure such as gas, electricity and water is already present. Lessens urban sprawl.
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Disadvantages of brownfield sites.
Environmental survey needed which is costly and time consuming. Cities have social problems, marketing could be difficult. Have to be cleared and in some cases decontaminated, which is also costly. Land costs are higher closer to the city centre.
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Advantages of greenfield sites
Developers can build as they wish. Plenty of space to think about car parking, and landscaping. Cheaper land as its further from the city centre. Lower construction costs, there's nothing to knock down. Pleasant environment, easy to market.
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Disadvantages of greenfield sites
Gas, electricity and water is not present. Urban sprawl. Difficult to get planning permission, government tends to be against it. Ruin environment and habitats. Increases commute for some people. Lack of social life. Disturb locals
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Causes if urbanisation
Lack of jobs in rural areas. Salaries tend to be higher in urban areas. Development of transnational cooperations in urban areas provide jobs. Better life, better education.
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Causes for natural increase in population
Youth of migrants, many are child bearing age. Better medical facilities. Higher life expectancy. Lack of knowledge about contraception.
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Important factors for a new site
Water supply. Well drained land. Sheltered from winds. South facing. Fertile land. Timber for fuel and building.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Nucleated (houses clustered together often form at a crossroad), Dispersed (farming villages) and Linear (buildings on either side of a road, valley or coastline)

Back

Settlement shapes

Card 3

Front

The movement out of cities to rural areas, due to a more favourable location.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

1) urban areas see an increase in pollution, crime and traffic. 2) increase in car ownership has meant people can commute 3) improved technology allows people to work from home 4) retired population prefer rural areas 5) business parks

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

1) conflict between locals and newcomers 2) commuting causes congestion and increase in pollution 3) house prices increase, annoying for locals. 4) many newcomers shop in big supermarkets 5) lack of community spirit 6) churches close

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

Olusola

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This is just what I need, thank you

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