Settlement Change

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  • Created by: Mulla52
  • Created on: 06-03-17 17:38
What are the Physical factors that affect the site and situation of a settlement?
Water supply (located close to rivers/lakes/springs), Aspect and Shelter (south-facing slopes receive more sun) and Dry-Point sites (Sited above a flood plain).
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What are the Human factors that affect the site and situation of a settlement?
Communication-Settlements often grew where rivers could be easily crossed (Fords or Bridging Points) or developed at favourable coastal locations and Resources-Proximity to reserves of natural resources e.g quarries, woodland etc.
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What is counter-urbanisation?
The movement out of cities to rural areas or smaller urban settlements.
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What are the demographic changes caused by counter-urbanisation?
It has created an ageing population and the people moving out of the countryside for work and facilities urban areas can offer are younger people.
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What are the social changes caused by counter-urbanisation?
There can be conflict between the local residents and newcomers to the area, loss of community spirit and local school have an increase in pupils and are able to stay open.
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What are the economic changes caused by counter-urbanisation?
House prices in rural areas may rise as demand increases, many migrants do not support local businesses opting to shop in the urban areas they work in and some local services such as local tradesmen are supported.
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What are the environmental changes caused by counter-urbanisation?
Many of the migrants still travel to urban areas to work, the journey causing congestion and pollution, villages become ghost towns during the day and old farms are turned into habitable dwellings adding to the community well-being.
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Give an example of a settlement which has been affected by counter-urbanisation.
Austrey in Warwickshire. Number of new housing estates being built like Elms Drive on previous farmsteads, number of farms has decreased from 18 to 2, village school has opened on a new site with 120 children on roll; in 1961 there were 16 children.
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What are the demographic changes caused by depopulation of remote rural areas?
Decline in population for the age bands up to 40, young adults leave the area resulting in an ageing population.
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What are the economic changes caused by depopulation of remote rural areas?
An older population means less money is running into public services such as waste treatment and water causing problems for local councils. Local economy decreases as less money is going into it.
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What are the environmental changes caused by depopulation of remote rural areas?
There are signs of neglect and derelict buildings, which can be unappealing. However, decrease in populations increases wildlife in the area.
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What are the social changes caused by depopulation of remote rural areas?
people who remain there have seen a decline in service provision such as post offices and bus service. decline has also resulted in the closure of primary schools such as Lowick school in the Lake District.
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What are the social reasons for the increase in demand for housing?
People are marrying later on in life, having fewer children and later on in life, there has been a rise in the number of divorces and many people are living on their own.
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What are the economic reasons for the increase in demand for housing?
Population is wealthier, so younger people can afford housing at an earlier age no longer having to live with their parents.
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What are the consequences of the need for more housing and deindustrialisation?
Urban sprawl causing the destruction of habitats and wildlife and due to manufacturing industries relocation in LICs there is large redevelopment taking place of old factory premises.
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What is a brownfield site?
An area within the city which is no longer in use. It may contain old factories and housing, or it may have been cleared ready for redevelopment.
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What are the advantages of a brownfield site?
Planning permission is easier to get, infrastructure is already present, easier to market and lessens urban sprawl.
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What are the disadvantages of a brownfield site?
Complete environmental survey needed because of past usage, perception of contaminated environment, land costs are higher as it closer to the city centre.
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What is a greenfield site?
An area on the edge of the city which has never been developed in any way.
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What are the advantages of a greenfield site?
Developers can build as they wish, plenty of space for car parking and landscaping, cheaper land as it is further away from city centre, lower construction costs and easy to market.
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What are the disadvantages of a greenfield site?
No infrastructure, increases urban sprawl, building could disturb natural habitats and people may not want to live away from the city centre due to social life.
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What are the reasons for the migration from rural to urban areas?
Lack of jobs in rural areas because of population growth and mechanisation, lower salaries in rural areas, perception of a better life, including education.
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Why is there a high natural increase in population in the urban areas of LICs?
The youth of many of the migrants are of child-bearing age, the lack of contraception or knowledge of it, higher life expectancy due to better living conditions and better medical facilities.
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What are the effects of the rapid growth of an urban area in an LIC - Case Study of Cairo?
Air pollution (two million cars, 200,000 motorbikes, half a million of Cairo's residents will develop health problems), Noise Pollution (Nightclubs on the River Nile), Land Pollution (50,00 tonnes of toxic hazardous waste), Water Pollution.
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Card 2

Front

What are the Human factors that affect the site and situation of a settlement?

Back

Communication-Settlements often grew where rivers could be easily crossed (Fords or Bridging Points) or developed at favourable coastal locations and Resources-Proximity to reserves of natural resources e.g quarries, woodland etc.

Card 3

Front

What is counter-urbanisation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the demographic changes caused by counter-urbanisation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the social changes caused by counter-urbanisation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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