non-ionising radiation (high frequency sound waves)
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nuclear medicine or radionuclide imaging uses:
ionising radiation as gamma rays
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what are the dangers of plain film radiography
radiation - protection needed
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what are the dangers of fluoroscopy
iodine contrast can cause allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and has interactions with some drugs
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what are the dangers of MRI
walking into room with electronics can be dangerous
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what is shown in Plain film radiography
bones and joints and some soft tissue
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what is shown in fluoroscopy
real time moving images of bony structures and contrast soft tissue
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what is shown in CT
cross sectional images of bone and soft tissue
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what is shown in MRI
multiplanar images with good soft tissue display
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what is shown in US
coronal image of soft tissue - can have colour overlay
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what is shown in nuclear medicine/ radionuclide imaging
function and physiology of tissues
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how are X- rays produced
applying electrical current to a filament, which heats it causing it to emit electrons into a focusing cup. A PD accelerates them, to towards a target, where they generate X-rays which diverge
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what is meant by X-ray attenuation
the differences of energy incidence on receptors caused by a homogenous X-ray on a patient
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what is meant by the photoelectric effect
when an incidence photon is absorbed by a k shell electron, which forms a photoelectron and is displaced and replaced by an L-shell electron which produces K-alpha emission.
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what is meant by the Compton scatter
when an incidence photon is partially absorbed and partially deflected by a outer shell electron, which causes it to be displaced and form a Compton electron
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what is the appearance of dense and sparse tissue and why?
white is dense and dark is less dense. denser structures absorb more X-rays and so less energy is passed to receptors. images are often inverted.
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