Any method which involves asking participants about their attitudes, beliefs or feelings.
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Give examples of self-report methods
Questionnaires and interviews.
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Why is self-report used?
As a way of gaining participant's responses in observational studies and experiments.
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What do questionnaires usually consist of?
A set of questions, often in a highly structured written form.
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What can they contain and how are answers recorded?
Contain open and closed questions and the participants record their own answers.
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What is an interview?
A type of spoken questionnaire where the interviewer records the responses. They can be structured or unstructured.
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Compare structured and unstructured interviews and their weaknesses
Structured interview is where there is a pre-determined set of questions, but the responses may be restricted. In unstructured interviews no questions are decided in advance but they may be time consuming and difficult to carry out.
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What are general strengths of self-report methods?
They allow participants to describe their own experiences rather than inferring this from observing participants. Able to study large samples to be more generalisable. Can ask people to reveal behaviour and feelings experienced in real life.
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What are general weaknesses of self-report methods?
May not respond truthfully, demand characteristics. Questions are not always clear and may be interpreted differently (less valid). Response rate can be low e.g. questionnaires sent by email or post.
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What is a semi-structured interview?
Consists of some pre-determined questions and followed with further questions which all the respondents to develop their answers.
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What are closed questions?
Questions which provide a limited choice of answers.
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Give a strength and weakness of closed questions.
Provide quantitative data which is easy to analyse, but they do not allow the participant to develop their answers.
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What are open questions?
Allow the respondent to provide their own answers.
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Give 1 strength and weakness of open questions.
They provide qualitative data which produces more in-depth responses relating to what the participant thinks, so are not restricted. However, this data is more difficult to analyse and interpret.
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How does a rating scale work?
Likert scales where a statement is used and participant decides how strongly they agree or disagree with it.
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What are the strengths of rating scales?
Give us an idea about how strongly a participant feels about something. Also collects quantitative data which is easy to analyse.
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What are the weaknesses of rating scales?
Tendency for people to respond towards the middle of the scale to look less extreme. May show demand characteristics. Quantitative data collected which does not give in-depth answers.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Give examples of self-report methods
Back
Questionnaires and interviews.
Card 3
Front
Why is self-report used?
Back
Card 4
Front
What do questionnaires usually consist of?
Back
Card 5
Front
What can they contain and how are answers recorded?
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