Secularisation

?
What was Weber's explanation
Rationalisation
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What does rationalization refer to?
rational ways of thinking and acting come to replace religious ones
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What started rationalization?
Protestant reformation
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How did rationalisation undermine worldview of Middle ages (enchanted garden)?
Replaced it with a rational scientific outlook on society
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Why is there disenchantment?
no longer need of a religious explanation of the world because humans can use science
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Provide a criticism for Weber rationalization
New Age movements have increased suggesting society is not that rationaltion
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What do Stark and Bainbridge argue?
Rational to be religious
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What does Parsons argue?
Structural differentiation
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What were religious institutions in pre-industrial society?
Multifucntional
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What happened to religious institutions after industrialisation?
Lost some of its roles to specialized institutions eg. NHS, Education system, politics
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Thus, what has structural differnetiation done to religion ?
Reduced its influence now a private sphere
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Provide a criticism for structural differentiation
26 COE Bishops sit in House of Lords, Faith schools in UK
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What did Wilson argue ?
Social and Cultural diversity (loss of community )
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What was community like in pre-industrial soceity?
United as religion and religious rituals regulated the behavior of individuals and reinforce shared values (close knit rural communties)
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What changed to communities with industrialization?
Increase social and cultural diversity undermining the consensus view (lose knit urban communities)
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Provide example
More diversity in Jobs, culture and lifestyle
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What did Berger argue ?
Religious diversity
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What's meant by religious canopy?
Middle ages Catholic Church had a monopoly (one religion across Europe)
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What made people question and abandon their faith?
Reformation causing a crisis of credibility more religious diveristy
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Why has the reformation cuased this more relgious diversity ?
because many organisations are preaching different versions of the truth and when there is different
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What is this known as ?
the plausibility structure
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What does Bruce conclude about religious diversity ?
that 'it is difficult to live in a world that treats as equally valid a large number of incompatible beliefs, without coming to suppose their is no one truth'
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PROVIDE A CRISTISCM OF Berger's religious diversity
still religious moral values in society like parsons central values
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What percentage of the UK attended church on sundays in 1851 according to Crockett (1998)?
40%
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what are the 2 major changes in church attendance since 1851?
an increase in the average age of church goers and fewer baptisms and church weddings, a decline in the number holding traditional Christian beliefs and more non-christian religions
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Trends of seculaisation
....
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Provide a stat to shoe church-going as declined?
in 2015 about 5% of the adult population attended church on Sundays
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However, what type of baptism have been increasing?
'Bogus Bpatisms' of older children as an entry ticket into a good school rather than religious commitment
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What is religious affilation?
membership or idenitifcation with a relgion
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Since the 1980's how much of the religious membership declined by?
1/3
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Why has the number of Catholics increased slightly ?
immigartion
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what membership has remained the same since the 1980's?
demoninations like methodists
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PRovide an example of religion as an institution having some influence in society today
26 bishops sit in the house of lords
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However, provide some examples of institutions that have taken over functions that were once provided by the Church suggesting secularisation
education, healthcare
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What do faith schools have to do have?
a 'broady Christian character'
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However, how much did the BBC find failed to comply with this? (wales schools)
over half
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What does Bruce (2002) think a decline in the amount of clergy is evidence of ?
secularisation as it proved the day to day influence of secularisation
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If current trends continue, what does Bruce belive Methodism will do by 2030?
will fold
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the Church of England would have been according to bruce by 2030?
will merely be a small voluntary organisation with a large amount of heritage propety
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Seucalrisation in America
...
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In 1962, what percentage of Americans attended church on Sundays?
45%
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What did he argue church goings was to Americans?
an 'American way of life'
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Why does Wilson believe the Church is secular in America despite church attendance being high?
because religion has become superficial
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Bruce shares this view, what 3 pieces of evidence does he give?
Declining church attendance, secularisation from within and religious diversity
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Who argues church attendance figures in the US has been exaggerated?
Hadaway (1993)
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For example, in Ohio in polls what percentage is high has church attendance in opinion polls that what the researchers counted going in ?
83%
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What may this be due to ?
going to church being part of American culture and being part of socially desirable or normative to go to church
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Secularisation from within
...
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Why according to Bruce is a religion now fitting in with secular society?
it is becoming less traditional and less 'psychologized'
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What does it mean by less traditional?
beliefs and glorifying god has declined
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Thus, what has secularisation helped to do?
increase religious diversity
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religious diversity
....
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How as religious diversity had contributed to secularisation from within?
because it underminds the assumption that our beliefs are absolutely true
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What does Bruce identify this as?
the 'erosion' of truth
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However, what does religious diversity sometimes increase participation?
offers wider choice
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What do functionalists argue?
that religion is functional for all member of society as it provides psychological functions and allows individuals to adjust to loss
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Why might Existential security have more of an effect on Americans' religiosity?
because americans do not have the same level of security due to bad welfare system so turn to religion for stability
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does rationalization refer to?

Back

rational ways of thinking and acting come to replace religious ones

Card 3

Front

What started rationalization?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How did rationalisation undermine worldview of Middle ages (enchanted garden)?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why is there disenchantment?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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