Section A

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What is empowerment?
To become empowered, you have to start from a position where you have no power. There is then a process whereby a character obtains a sense of power and control.
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What was feminist film theory influenced by?
The Second Wave Feminist movement in the 1970's.
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Which two things does feminist film theory primarily focus on?
The role of women and their marginalisation in Hollywood and the way in which films used images of women and whether this had an effect on society.
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When did the First Wave of feminism start and end?
1848-1915.
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What did First Wave feminism focus on?
Equality before the law: vote, contract, property, legal recognition.
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When did Second Wave feminism start and end?
1961-1980's.
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What did Second Wave feminism focus on?
Sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive rights, de facto inequalities, drew attention to domestic violence and marital **** issues, establishment of **** crisis and battered women's shelters, and changes in custody and divorce law.
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What did Claire Johnston argue?
That cinema puts forward an "ideological image of women" and that women, as characters, mean little without association to men.
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What is Johnston's theory?
"In relation to herself, she means nothing." (1991)
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What is the artificial look? (Goffman)
An unreal image, glamorisation, PhotoShop techniques.
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What is dismemberment? (Goffman)
Separate components, body parts focussed upon.
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What is commodification? (Goffman)
Association with objects, roles, materialism.
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What is function ranking? (Goffman)
Roles and usefulness.
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What is counterculture?
A subculture whose values and norms of behaviour differ substantially from those of mainstream society.
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Why was feminism considered countercultural?
Because it was radical.
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What resulted in the rise of the exploitation film?
Relaxation of censorship, permissiveness, and counterculture.
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What are some examples of exploitation films?
Slasher, Blaxploitation, Cannibal, Naziploitation, and women in prison films.
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Who is Laura Mulvey?
A British feminist theorist whose most significant work is 'Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema' (1975).
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What is scopophilia?
The desire to see, which is a fundamental drive according to the work of Freud.
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What is voyeuristic pleasure?
The enjoyment of looking at another person.
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What is activity and passivity?
A gendered binary opposition (Levi-Strauss). Women tend to be more passive within the narrative, men tend to be active. The man's role is clearly defined, whereas a woman's is defined by her association to him.
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What is the male gaze?
looking at women from a heterosexual male perspective. The objectification and sexualisation of women encourages this.
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What is castration anxiety?
The idea that men fear losing their masculinity (either literally or figuratively). Women pose a threat to men and therefore must be subjugated (either dominated or controlled)/
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What is John Berger's most influential book?
'Ways of Seeing' (1972).
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What is Berger's theory?
'A woman is constantly accompanied by her own appearance.'
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What is the female gaze?
Men reject the gaze, women accept it.
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Which wave of feminism links to Lisbeth from The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo?
Third. she does this by embracing her sexuality and refusing to conform to the societal expectations of behaviour and appearances.
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What is the difference between 'sex' and 'gender'?
Sex is fixed, gender is a social construct.
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What is Judith Butler's theory?
The term 'gender' does not refer to the biological differences between sexes but the social expectations and ideologies about how men and women should look, behave and be judged.
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What was feminist film theory influenced by?

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The Second Wave Feminist movement in the 1970's.

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Which two things does feminist film theory primarily focus on?

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Card 4

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When did the First Wave of feminism start and end?

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What did First Wave feminism focus on?

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