Section 2 ICT

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What is meant processing?
The manipulation of raw data which then can be used as an output
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What are three types of processing?
Batch, interactive and real time
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Describe batch processing?
No one is needed to run it and it runs at regular intervals, used to produce bank statements and payrolls. Usually runs when the system is not busy, big delay between processing and output
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Describe interactive processing?
User operated, inputs data on a form of GUI, each process is separate from the rest, an example is booking tickets without double bookings
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Describe real time processing?
Data is processed at the time of the input, a maximum time limit is set which depends on the user requirements. An example is air traffic control. These systems can also be embedded an example is a microwave clock.
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What is an operating system (OS)?
It is a program that controls the entire operation of the computer system, also it allocates system resources such as memory and processor time
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What are the seven types of OS?
Single-user, multi-user, multi-tasking, interactive, real-time, batch and distributed
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Describe a single-user OS?
Access to any one user at any one time although it can support more than one account,, multi-tasking can be perfomed
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Describe a multi-user OS?
Allows more than one user access the system at one time, usually provided by a network, printers used by requesting them so peripherals are one use at a time
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Describe a multi-tasking OS?
It involves the processor doing more than one task at one time, the processor prioritises and doesn't do two tasks at once, switches between tasks very fast
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Describe a distributed processing OS?
It connects multiple computers together, each computer a part of the processing and once complete the results are combined together
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What must you consider when designing a human computer interface? (HCI)
Colour, layout, quantity of information, language and controls
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Why should colours be considered?
Corporate colours to follow house style, colours should not clash, easily readable, colour blindness, amount of colours and association with information
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Why should the layout be considered?
Consistency to follow house style or corporate image, flow in order, buttons in the same places on each screen, some white space so it isn't crammed, places to catch the users eye
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Why should the quantity of information be considered?
Enables users to use the screen effectively, too much can slow the user down and could confuse the user
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Why should the font size and style be considered?
Clear and easy to read, not too big but not too small and must be consistent throughout
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What are the three types of control?
Buttons, forms and menus
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Describe the use of a button
Can take the user to a specified page or do a specific action and it can run macros to automate tasks
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Describe the use of a form
Forms can assist data entry, they give guidance to the user on what should be in putted, instructions and error messages are necessary, use of validation and drop down boxes for data selection, they increase interactivity
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Name a type and describe the use of a menu
Several types, full-screen, pop-up and drop-down they allow the user to select pre determined choices which minimises training required
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Why should the users perception be taken into account?
Users will expect errors to be red or green will mean go, these are preconceived ideas that the user will have, sounds should also be considered as well as colours. If a negative sound is used then its most likely to be an error
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Why should the users attention be taken into account?
The attention span for how long they can use a system or look at the monitor. Making screens uncluttered will increase attention and so will ease of use by using messages and instructions, consistent layout and colours too
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Why should the users memory be taken into account?
Users will use the system on a daily basis so they will memorise how to use it, screens that are used not often should be simpler this will be identified by the designer
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Why should the users learning be taken into account?
All users need to learn how to use the system, how easy it is to learn, drawn from the current experience of the user, helpful messages
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Describe what a mental model is?
The preconceived idea of what a system will look like and work like
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Why should a mental model be applied to a system?
So a user can almost 'predict' what to do in the future based on past experiences, example, saving a file and locating it at a later date. This ensures that the system follows the mental model closely as possible
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What is the Model Human Processor (MHP)?
The model that suggests that the user of a computer acts like a computer with memory and processors
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Describe the model?
Information is gathered through the ears and eyes, this is input. Two stores, one for visual and one for auditory, long term and short term memory, loading data from disk to RAM
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What memory model does the MHP follow?
The working memory
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are three types of processing?

Back

Batch, interactive and real time

Card 3

Front

Describe batch processing?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Describe interactive processing?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe real time processing?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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