Section 1.1

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  • Created by: ferna
  • Created on: 26-04-17 19:20
Henrietta Maria
Married to Charles I and was catholic, had catholic advisers and encouraged people to worship in her catholic church
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Cadiz
This was a failed expedition to Cadiz in Spain, led by Buckingham, poorly trained and equipped, parliament tries to impeach Buckingham so Charles quickly dissolves it
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Five Knights case
1626, forced loan to all taxpayers, this was because charles couldn't get money from parliament without them wanting to impeach Buckingham, 5 knights refused to pay the loan
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Petition of Right 1628
Commons presented it to the king, asking him to reverse the 5 knights case and asked that there would be no more forced loans
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What did the Petition of Right briefly offer?
A Chance for reconciliation between king and parliament
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What happened when Charles tried to adjourn parliament 1629?
The commons wanted to pass 3 resolutions about the growth of armininism, tonnage and poundage and the actions of thiose who paid it, they held the speaker in the chair until they were passed
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Why do some people think Charles embarked on personal rule?
To create an absolute monarchy
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Treaty of Madrid 1630
This ended hostilities with Spain and reduced spending because the war had ended, this gave Charles less reason to recall parliament.
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What did Charles sell a monopoly for?
Soap
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Ship money
charles levied it as an annual tax by 1636 when not at war and on inland areas aswell,
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Distraint of Knighthood
People with land worth more than £40 had to be knighted, and of the didn't present themselves they were fined.
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What happened to the minsters who refused to make their churches more formal and ritual?
They were deprived of their livings
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How did John Pym and his friends try to resist in 1636?
One of the members, Hampden, refused to pay ship money
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what was the ship money yield in 1639?
20% of expected money
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What did Charles issue to Scotland in 1636?
The Book of Canons, gave instructions on how to lay out churches
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What did Charles then introduce in 1637?
The English Prayer book, in one church a riot broke out when it was read from the altar
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What happened when Charles went to war with Scotland?
He had to recall parliament as he didn't have enough money for the upkeep of the army.
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What happened to this newly recalled parliament?
It became known as the short parliament because Charles asked for money from it and instead they started debating, so he dissolved it.
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What was the first thing that happend when the Long Parliament was called?
Parliament impeached Laud and Strafford, forbid charles' attempts to raise money outside of parliament and passed 2 acts to ensure security of future parliamnets
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February 1641
The triennial act
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Ten Propositions 1641
proposed by Pyms Junto, wanted significant extensions of parliaments power, such as their right to approve the kings advisers.
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Grand Remonstrance 1641
Much of the 10 propositions, it passed in the commons by 11 votes
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What happened when charles tried to impeach the opposition leaders?
He showed up and they had already escaped.
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Nineteen Propositions 1641
Once again from parliament, it included that they should oversee the education of the kings children, the civil war began.
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What secured Parliaments victory in the civil war?
The creation of the New Model Army, 22,000 strong
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Newcastle Propositions 1646
Parliament nominate key officers of state, control the militia for 20 years, bishops would be abolished.
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Why were the army upset?
Because they hadn't been given their pay so they became a rival political force to parliament.
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Heads of proposals 1647
Presented by the army, they wanted a fair settlement with Charles, would repeal triennial act and replace with biennial, parli nominate key officers of state fo 10 yrs and only control the militia for 10 yrs, basically same as Newcastle more lenient
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Second Civil War 1648-49
Charles had signed a secret agreement with the scots, he lost the war and negotiations began
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Thoimas Pride
In 1648, Pride excluded all MP who supported continued negotiations, this left a rump house
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30th January 1649
Charles I beheaded
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What was peoples main fear at the start of the republic?
The New Model Army
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What were the 2 factors preventing stability in the Rump?
Lack of reforms, 1649 125, 1652 51, and the cost of having to maintain such a large standing army.
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When was the Rump dissolved?
April 1653
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Nominated Assembly, 1653
Assembled by good men, however there was conflict as the saint didn't want to work with the radical sinners of the gentry
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First Protectorate 1654-55
84 ordinances passed, including banning **** fighting, it faced resentment from MP's who had been excluded from power so they refused to recognize it so it had to be dissolved
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Major Generals 1655-56
Divided country into 11 districts, in some places they worked well, other neglected their duties
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Why was the 2nd Protectorate set up, 1656-58?
Because the major generals were so unpopular
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Humble Petition and Advice 1657
Offered Cromwell the crown, wanted to direct power into tradition channels, he rejected it
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Who took over when Cromwell died?
His son Richard, he was extremely unsuccessful and was forced to resign, this left the problem of who should be in power
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Deceleration of Breda 1660
Presented by Charles II, promised amnesty for the actions in the interregnum, arrears of pay given to army etc
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Why was the restoration unconditional?
because Breda was given by Charles there was no conditions from parliament, so it had to be sorted out in courts subject to royal pressure.
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Why was there a Cavalier parliament? 1661-79
Because previous rebellions by radical groups scared people, creating a royalist majority.
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Militia Act 1661
King was in supreme control of the army
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What did the Cavalier parliament restore?
The Anglican Church and Bishops
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What did the Restoration settlement include? 1660-64
Quaker act, act of uniformity, monarchs right to forced loans was taken away
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Charles II and Finance
Had a regular income from customs duties, also introduced the Hearyth tax, he still didnt have as much as he needed, which meant the MP's had control over him
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What did Charles claim?
To be in the 11th year of reign, as if the republic had never happened
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Great plague 1665 and Great Fire of London 1666
People thought it was the work of catholics
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Deceleration of Indulgence 1672
As long as parliament wasn't in session it could remain, this was until 1673 when money was needed
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What did James do in 1668
Announce his conversion to Catholicism
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Popish Plot 1678
Titus Oates approached Godfrey about a plan that Jesuits were going to kill Charles II and replace him with his catholic brother
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Exclusion Crisis 1679-81
Parliament tried passing multiple bills to exclude James from the line of succession and give it to Monmouth, Charles prevented this
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Rye House Plot 1683
Wanted to kill charles and replace him with Monmouth, was a plot by Whigs and gave Charles a chance to purge the Whigs and avoid calling Parliament for the rest of his reign
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James II primary aim
To establish religious freedom
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Deceleration of Indulgence 1687
Freedom of worship, including Catholics
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Why was the birth of a son such a threat?
It meant there was now a catholic heir to the throne
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Why was it important that 7 people signed the letter to Holland?
As it showed William the range of people who had been disaffected by James and encouraged him to intervene
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

This was a failed expedition to Cadiz in Spain, led by Buckingham, poorly trained and equipped, parliament tries to impeach Buckingham so Charles quickly dissolves it

Back

Cadiz

Card 3

Front

1626, forced loan to all taxpayers, this was because charles couldn't get money from parliament without them wanting to impeach Buckingham, 5 knights refused to pay the loan

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Commons presented it to the king, asking him to reverse the 5 knights case and asked that there would be no more forced loans

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A Chance for reconciliation between king and parliament

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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