second half of unit one part two

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stage four part one...
Industry involves the self-belief that you are competent and can fulfill the requirements of goals you set for yourself.

A sense of industry is often established in children who have experienced encouragement from caregivers to try their best in all circ
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stage four part two...
Inferiority may develop if children feel inadequate when comparing themselves to their peers or if they lack encouragement from caregivers to exert effort and achieve goals.
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stage five...
Identity refers to holding a strong belief in who you are and what your beliefs and values are.
The ability to make choices that align to your beliefs and values and stay true to yourself occurs when a sense of identity is attained.
Role confusion - a sen
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stage six...
Erikson used the term intimacy to refer to the ability to share with and care about another person without fear of losing oneself in the process. Isolation refers to the sense of being alone without anyone to share one’s life with or care for. Intimacy do
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stage seven part one...
Generativity refers to a person’s concern with others beyond their immediate family, with future generations and the nature of the society and world in which those generations will live. People who achieve generativity build their lives around doing thing
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stage seven part two...
If these needs are not met, people develop a sense of stagnation. Stagnation refers to a sense of ‘sameness’, inactivity, boredom, too much concern with personal needs and comfort and a lack of growth.
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stage eight part one...
The sense of integrity arises from the individual's ability to look back on their life with satisfaction. Integrity refers to a sense of satisfaction with one’s achievements in life and a belief that all that happened in the course of one’s life has been
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stage eight part two...
At the other end of the spectrum is the individual who looks back on their life with a sense of despair. Despair involves bitter feelings. Despair involves bitter feelings of hopelessness, involving lost opportunities, mistakes that were made and the sens
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Evaluation of Erikson’s Theory
Age ranges might be inaccurate
The theory is very prescriptive. Individuals may not experience all the crises but still healthily develop.
Some stages have been criticised as invalid or inaccurate.
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Conceptualising Normality
Normality refers to thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that are considered common and acceptable.
Approaches to understanding normality include: socio-cultural, functional, historical, medical, statistical and situational approaches.
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Socio-cultural approach
Socio-cultural approach to normality suggests normality can be defined by the prominent social codes of a particular culture.
Cultural characteristics that can inform this include: religious belief, values relating to work, values relating to gender, valu
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Functional approach
Functional approach to normality is where what is normal are all of the thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that enable us to function effectively.
Functioning means being able to meet the demands of our daily life (e.g. cooking, cleaning, meeting deadlin
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Historical approach
Historical approach to normality defines what is standard and acceptable according to the period of time that it occurred in.
Ideas of normality can change as time passes. What is normal now, might not be in the future.
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Medical approach
The medical approach to normality suggests that what is considered as abnormal can be diagnosed by a medical practitioner.
If thoughts, feelings and behaviours meet do not meet diagnostic criteria for a mental illness, then they are normal.
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Statistical approach
The statistical approach to normality suggests that thoughts, feelings and behaviours can be recorded and represented statistically through normal distribution.
What is normal, is what has been recorded most frequently (e.g. crying when cutting onions)
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Situational approach
The situational approach to normality underlines that what is considered as normal depends on the specific situation where our throughs, feelings, and behaviours emerge.
A behaviour can be normal in one setting and abnormal in another
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Typical Behaviour
Typical behaviours relate to how an individual usually acts.
If you’re normally enthusiastic and expressive, then dancing and clapping might be typical behaviour when you get good news.
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Atypical Behaviour
Atypical behaviours are unusual according to how an individual usually acts.
If that enthusiastic and expressive person was to suddenly become detached and despondent, this would be atypical for that person.
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Adaptive Behaviours
Adaptive behaviours enable an individual to change (adapt) in order to meet the changing demands of their everyday lives.
Behaviour might be productive in one situation and unproductive in others.
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Maladaptive Behaviours
Maladaptive behaviours impair an individual’s ability to meet changing circumstances they are faced with.
May impair their ability to behave productively and effectively when faced with new and challenging situations (e.g. Group work).
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The Concept of Mental Health
Mental health refers to the current state of a person’s psychological wellbeing
and functioning.
Many factors affect mental health including emotions you are feeling, behaviours and interactions with others.
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Mental Health Disorders
A specific diagnosed psychological state characterised by the presence of a severe disturbance, sense of distress, and thoughts, feelings and/or behaviour that are atypical of the person and significantly impact their ability to function independently.
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Mental health disorders could include:
Showing low resilience to stressors
Not being able to complete everyday activities such as going to school or work
Not being able to regulate one’s emotions or thoughts
Not being able to maintain regular social relationships
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Mentally Healthy
A psychological state that maintains or improves functioning.
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Mental Health Problem
A temporary state markedly impairing levels of functioning. Symptoms shorter in duration or less severe.
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Mental Health disorder
A more enduring and diagnosable mental health problem.
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The Biopsychosocial Model of Mental Health
This framework suggests that biological, psychological and social factors all interact and contribute to mental health.
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Biological factors
Factors relating to genetic makeup and physiological functioning of the body (e.g. exercise, substance use, sleep patterns).
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Psychological Factors
Factors relating to cognitive and affective functioning (e.g. thought processes and patterns, negative thoughts).
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Social Factors
Factors relating to an individual’s interaction with their external environment and other people (e.g. break-up, pressure at work, etc.)
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Internal factors:
stem from within an individual and relate to biological or psychological functioning.
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External factors:
stem from outside an individual and arise from their environment, such as social influences.
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Coping
Coping is the ability to meet and overcome the challenges and setbacks faced during everyday life.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

stage four part two...

Back

Inferiority may develop if children feel inadequate when comparing themselves to their peers or if they lack encouragement from caregivers to exert effort and achieve goals.

Card 3

Front

stage five...

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

stage six...

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

stage seven part one...

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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