Homeostasis means keeping your internal environment constant.
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Name 4 things homeostasis monitors/controls.
Waste materials. Body temperature. Water and ion content. Blood glucose levels.
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Name two waste products that have to be removed from the body.
Carbo Dioxide and Urea.
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How is urea produced?
Produced in the liver by the breakdown of amino acids.
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What happens after urea is produced?
It is removed by the kidneys, temporarily stored in the bladder then excreted as urine.
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Body temperature should be kept around...?
37 C
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If core body temperature is too high what does the body do?
blood vessels dilate to increase blood flow and heat loss (flushed cheeks). SWeat glands release more sweat, which cools the skin as it evaporates.
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If core body temperature is too low...?
blood vessels constrict to reduce blood flow and heat loss. Muscles start to shiver causing heat energy to be released by respiration in cells.
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Give three functions of the kidney.
Regulate the amount of water in the blood. Regulate the amount of ions in the blood. Remove all urea in the form of urine.
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When blood vessels carry blood through the kidneys, which 3 processes occur?
Ultra filtration, selective reabsorption and excretion of waste.
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What is ultra filtration?
Lots of water and all the small molecules are squeezed out of the blood, under pressure, into tubules in the kidney.
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What is selective reabsorption?
When all the sugar plus any ions and water needed by the body, are reabsorbed back into the blood from the tubules.
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What is excretion of waste?
Excess water, ions and all of the urea now pass to the bladder in the form of urine, where it's stored before being released from the body.
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Where are kidneys situated in the body?
On the back wall of the abdomen.
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When a person's kidney fails, how is it treated?
Either: using a dialysis machine or having a kidney transplant.
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How does a dialysis machine work?
Blood is separated from the fluid by partially permeable membranes.Membranes allow urea and excess substances to pass from the blood to the fluid.Concentrations of dissolved substances in the blood are returned to normal levels.
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Name some disadvantages of a dialysis machine?
Have to control what you eat.Interferes with daily life.Regular treatment needed.
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Give some advantages of having a kidney transplant.
Once it's done,you don't have to go back for treatment.Don't have to control what you eat.
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Give some disadvantages of having a kidney transplant.
Immune-suppressants need to be taken.Surgery=risk of infection.Risk of rejection.You have to find a donor with the same tissue type.
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What does the pancreas do?
Monitors and controls blood sugar levels and secretes the hormone insulin.
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What does insulin do?
Allows glucose to move from the blood into the cells
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What happens if the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin?
A person's blood glucose concentration may rise to a high level.
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What can Type 1 Diabetes be controlled by?
Careful management of diet and exercise. Injecting insulin into the blood.
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What does insulin convert glucose into and where is it stored?
Glycogen, stored in the liver.
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What hormone is released next and where is it made and why?
Glucagon, made in the pancreas when blood glucose levels fall too low.
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What does this cause?
Glycogen to be converted into glucose and be released into the blood.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Name 4 things homeostasis monitors/controls.
Back
Waste materials. Body temperature. Water and ion content. Blood glucose levels.
Card 3
Front
Name two waste products that have to be removed from the body.
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