Science B2 C2 P2

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how can symptons be caused?
either by cell damage or by toxins
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Bacteria reproduce by making copies of themselves, what conditions do they need to be in to do so?
warm and moist conditions. Thats why the human body is perfect
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How do you calculate the growth of a microorganism?
they all double, e.g start of with 1 after 10mins=2 20mins=4
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If I had 10 microorganisms which reproduce every 20 minutes, how many will I have at 150 minutes?
640
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What does the immune system do?
deals with any infectious microorganisms that enter the body
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The immune system always involves what blood cell?
white blood cell
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What do the antibodies do?
accept:recognise foreign microorganisms. they mark the microorganism so other white blood cells can engulf and digest it. they bind to and neutrilise viruses and toxins. some can even latch on to bacteria and kill them directly.
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What is a vacination and how can it help us?
it is a safe version of a dangerous microorganism. When you get vacinated, antibodies are produced to kill of the viruses when they do this the memory cells remembers it and will know what to do if you were to get the disease in the future. KAPEASH?!
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How can we prevent epidemics?
By vaccinating lots of people
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Give an example of an anti-microbals
penicillin or any other drug that kills bacteria, fungai and viruses.
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Why should we always finish our antibiotics?
because microorganisms can evolve and become resistant to the drug
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drugs are tested on humans in what sort of trial?
clinical trial
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name the 3 types of human trials?
blind, double blind and open-label
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define a double blind trial
scientists and the volunteer don't know who has been given the real drug and whos been given a placebo.
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Name the 3 major types of blood vessle?
capillaries, veins and arteries
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what do the capilliaries do?
they carry the blood really close to every cell in the body to exchange substances with them. They are also only one cell thick and tiny.
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what can your pulse rate be used to measure?
your heart rate
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What does a high blood pressure lead to an increase chance of?
heart disease
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Name 3 lifestyle factors which could contribute to heart disease?
stress, smoking, poor diet, alcohol and drugs
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define homeostasis
mainintaining a consistant internal enviroment-basically balancing the inputs with the outputs
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How does negative feedback help your body?
when the level of somethine (e.g water) gets too high or too low it uses negative feed back by bringing it back to normal
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what are the 3 stages of negative feedback?
receptor (detects) processing centre (recieves the info) effector (is the response)
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how can we get water in to our body?
drinking, respiration and food
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How do kidneys help the body? give an example of what they do.
balance out substances in the body. they balance the levels of water waste and other chemicals.
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What is the name of the hormone which controls the concentration of urine?
anti-diuetic hormone (ADH)
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ADH production can be affected by drugs. Name the drug which increases ADH production?
Ecstasy
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what are all materials made up of?
chemicals
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Give an example of a material which occurs naturally?
wood, paper, cotton, wool, silk and leather
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give an example of a synthetic material
rubber, nylon and polyester
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Different materials have different properties, name all 5 properties
strength, melting point, stiffness, hardness and density
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Name plastics properties and an example of a product which can be made from
it can behard, stiff, strong. also it has low density and is mouldable. computers,kettles,toys and cases
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what is crude oil a mixture of/
Hydrocarbons
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Long chain molecules of hydocarbons have high or low melting point
high melting point
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Name the 2 types of bond in crude oil
strong convalent bond and intermolecular forces
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Crude oil is sperated by what?
fractional distillation
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How long is the length of the hydrocarbon for a road surface and why?
very long because it has to resist a lot of weight
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Are polymers man made?
YES YOU IDIOT
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what is meant by the word 'polymer'
loads of smallmolecules linked together
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Polymers have replaces natural materials for some uses, name 2?
synthetic fibres such as nylon and polyester are used to replace cotton, wool or silk fibres. rigid PVC is used to replace wood, for example window frames.
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Why are polymers good?
because we can choose the way its made to suit a purpose, we can modify them
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How big is nanotechnology?
really really really really really tiny (not noticable to the naked eye)
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Some nanotechnology occurs naturally, name two
seaspray-the sea produces nanoscale salt particles which are present in the atmosphere. AND combustion-when fuels are burnt, nanoscale soot particles are produced.
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Nanoparticles can be added to a material to give them different properties, give an example
added to plastics in sports materials e.g tennis racket and golf clubs. anything along the lines of that or that makes sense.
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Name the electromagnetic sprectrum in order
radiowaves,microwaves,infra-red,visible light,ultra violet,x-rays and gamma rays
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What do all types of eletromagnetic radiation transfer?
energy
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As you go from start to end of the electromagnetic sptectrum what happens?
increasing energy and frequency
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Name 2 sources which emit EM radiation
sun, mobile phones and radio transmitters
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Radiation is either transmitted, reflected, transfered or absorbed...one of them was made up, name it.
transfered
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As the distance from the source increases what happens to the intensity
decreases
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All substances are made up of atoms and molecules. In the process of Ionising the photon hits an atom or molecule and removes what?
the electron
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Why is Ionising dangerous if it happens in yor cell?
Causes damage to the DNA molecules and can cause mutations, also it might lead to the cells dividing and dividing again without stopping also known as cancer.
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You need protection against dangerous radiation, how can you protect yourself from UV radiation?
clothes and sun cream
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Why do we need EM radiation?
heats up yummu food :D also for communication
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some people say there are health risks using microwaves to transfer energy e.g mobile phones but why cant we tell?
because theres no evidence yet as mobile phones are faily new so we have to wait till the future
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What is the air made up of?
various of gas
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The green house effect helps reguate the earths temperture, how?
Energy from the sun is absorbed by the earth. The Earth radiates the heat which is absorbed by greenhouse gases and re-radiated in all directions.
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What does the ozone layer protect us from?
Too much UV radiation
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What does the carbon cycle show us?
how carbon is naturally recycled
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How have levels of co2 increased?
our lifestyle and the increase in population
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What has an increase in carbon dioxide lead too?
climate change
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EM radiation hsd been used to transmit radiation for years we use different frequencys for different things. What would have more frequenc infrared or radio?
Radio as it travels a longer distance
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information is converted in to signals, what are they?
Analogue and digital
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Why is digital better than analogue?
because Digital only has 2 values 0-1 whereas analogue takes every singal value so its much harder to read
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Bacteria reproduce by making copies of themselves, what conditions do they need to be in to do so?

Back

warm and moist conditions. Thats why the human body is perfect

Card 3

Front

How do you calculate the growth of a microorganism?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

If I had 10 microorganisms which reproduce every 20 minutes, how many will I have at 150 minutes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does the immune system do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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Comments

Louie_Bazza

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This is ALL unit 1 revision don't get half way through like me and then realise that this person has made you write cards for unit one instead of unit 2

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