Science

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  • Created by: revise12
  • Created on: 05-03-15 17:01
What is the definition of fuel?
A fuel is something you burn to release energy.
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What are 6 main fuels?
Petrol, Fossil fuel, Wood, Oil (crude), Coal, Diesel.
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What is the definition of combustion?
Combustion is another name for burning.
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What does burning involve?
Burning involves a fuel reacting with oxygen from the air.
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What is there when plenty of oxygen present?
When there is plenty of oxygen present, water and carbon dioxide are produced.
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What is the colour is incomplete combustion?
Yellow is the colour of incomplete combustion.
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What is the colour in complete combustion?
Blue is the colour of complete combustion.
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What product does complete combustion?
Complete combustion is carbon dioxide + water vapour.
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What product does incomplete combustion?
Incomplete combustion is carbon monoxide + soot + water vapour.
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What makes a good fuel?
Taxicity, Energy value, Availability, Cost, Usability, Pollution and Storage.
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Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons.
True.
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The housesits part of the fractionating column is at the top.
False.
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Cracking splits up long molecules into shorter ones and an alkene.
True.
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Cracking needs high temperature and a catalyst.
True.
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A castalyst slows down reaction.
False.
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Complete combustion produces carbon dioxide.
True.
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A yellow flame gives out more heat than a blue flame.
False.
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Carbon monoxide is made when a fuel burns in a shortage of oxygen.
True
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Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas.
True
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Methane, Ethane, Propane and butane are LPG gases.
True.
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Bitumen is collected at the top of the column.
False.
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The LPG fraction comes out of the top of the column.
True.
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Ethane is not a hydrocarbon.
False.
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A hydrocarbon is made of elements hydrogen and carbon only.
True
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Oil slicks do not cause any environmental damage.
False.
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When methane burns in plenty of oxygen, it makes carbon dioxide and water vapour.
True
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Crude oil is a renewable fuel.
False.
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Cracking paraffin makes more petrol.
True.
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What is the definition for the catalytic converter.
A catalytic converter converts harmful gases into less harmful gases.
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What are the % of composition in our air?
Oxygen 21%, Argon 0.037%, Co2 1%, Nitrogen 78%.
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What is the carbon cycle?
The carbon cycle shows us how carbon is recycled in the environment.
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Name 4 processes which release carbon dioxide into the air?
Respiration, Volcanic activity, Decay and Combustion.
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Name a process which removes carbon dioxide from the air?
Photosynthesis.
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What are the 2 different pipes of perfumes?
Natural and Synthetic.
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How do you make an ester?
Acid + Alcohol= Ester + water.
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What are 4 property that make a good perfume?
Non-toxic, Does not illiterate the skin, Evaporates easily (very volatile) and insolvable in water.
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Why is animal testing bad?
Pain, Cruel, Unfair, Dangerous and Hurting Animals.
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What are problems with quarrying?
Damage landscape, Dust pollution, More lorries on country lanes and Noise from explosives and machinery.
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What is reinforced concrete?
Reinforced concrete is concrete with steel bars in it. It is a composite material (made of 2 parts). Steal adds strength and stops the concrete from cracking under pressure.
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What is pure copper needed for?
Pure copper is needed for electrical writing.
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What is impure copper needed for?
Impure copper is used for pipes, jewellery and coins.
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How do you purify copper?
Purifying copper is done using electricity by a process called electrolysis.
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What is an anode?
Oxidation +
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What is an cathode?
Reduction -
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What are 3 points why we should recycle?
Save our resources of metal ore, Saves on landfill sites, Saves money (as energy is saved).
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What is the definition of smart alloys?
Smart alloys can change shape at different temperatures e.g. nitinol. Also some alloys have shape memory.
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How are alloys made?
Alloys are made 'by mixing a main' metal with another element- usually a metal. Alloys have better properties than the metal itself.
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What is a non-renewable fuel?
A fuel that can not be replaced in our LIFETIME.
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What is cracking?
This is called cracking. Large hydrocarbon molecules can be broken down into smaller molecules using a catalyst.
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What type of fractions are cracked?
Long-chain hydrocarbons.
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What conditions are needed for cracking to take place?
To crack liquid paraffin a high temperature and a catalyst are used.
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How do you make polymers?
To make polymers you will need a catalyst and high pressure. This reaction is called addition polymerisation.
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What is a chemical change?
When an egg cooks its a chemical change, it is irreversible. The egg white absorbs heat energy and turns from runny and colourless to solid and white. This shows that new substances are made.
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What is the definition of antioxidants?
Antioxidants- are used to stop food from reacting with oxygen. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is used in tinned fruit and wine as an antioxidant.
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What is the definition of food colourants?
Food colourants- are used to give food an improved colour.
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What is the definition of flavour enhancer?
Flavour enhancer- are used to improve the flavour of food.
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What is the definition of emulsifiers?
Emulsifiers- are additives that help oil and water mix in foods. They stop the oil and water from separating.
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What is a pigment?
Pigment is a coloured solid.
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What is a binding medium?
Binding medium is an substance used to stick a pigment to a surface.
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What is a solvent?
Solvent is a liquid used to thin paint and make it easier to spread.
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What is a dispersed?
Dispersed is a spread throughout.
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Whats is it called when a rock melts?
When rock melts it is called magma.
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what is it called when magma reaches the surface?
When magma reaches the surface of the earth, it is called lava.
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What is ammonia?
its a chemical (NH3)
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What is ammonia used for?
Nitrotic and feritilters and dyes and explosives.
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What are the starting material?
Nitrogen + Hydrogen.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are 6 main fuels?

Back

Petrol, Fossil fuel, Wood, Oil (crude), Coal, Diesel.

Card 3

Front

What is the definition of combustion?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does burning involve?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is there when plenty of oxygen present?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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