Science

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Name the order of classification
Kingdom,Phyllum,class,order,family,genus,species
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What are the 5 kingdoms?
Plants,animals,fungi,protoctista,prokaryotes
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Name all 5 catergorys inside the animal kingdom
Cnidarians,annelids,arthropods,molluscs,vertebrates
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Name all the four caterogrys in arthropods
Myripods,crustacea,arachnids,insects
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Give 3 characteristics of insects
six legs, body in 3 sections, usually 2 pairs of wings
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Give 2 characteristics of arachnids
eight legs, body in 2 sections
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Give 2 characteristics of crustacea
ten legs, body covered in hard outer coating
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Give 2 characteristics of myriapods
each body segment has legs, long segmented body
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What is the different between natural and artifical classification?
Natural is based on evolutionary liks and artifical on visible features
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What is the meaning of species?
A group of similar species that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
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What is the binomal sytsem of naming species?
First name= genus Second name= single species
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What are the problems of classifying species?
hybrids are 2 species, bacteria are asexual and species are constantly evolving
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What does a food chain show?
What organisms eat
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What do food webs show?
When an animal links many food chains
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What does the pyramid of numbers show?
The number of organisms at each link in the food chain
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Why do you have unusually shaped pyramids of numbers?
One large producer may feed many small consumers
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What does a pyramid of biomass show?
The dry mass of an organism times by how many there are.
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Name 3 ways in which energy is lost in the food chain
Excretion, growth and egestion
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What is the formula for effciency?
energy built into organism / energy avaliable x 100
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Name 3 ways in which carbon dioxide is put back into the atmosphere
combustion(burning), decay and respiration
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What conditions do microbes need to survive?
food(dead plants/fallen leaves), oxygen, tempertaure suitable, moisture and suitable ph.
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What is carbon sink?
Something that stores carbon such as oceans.
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How does nirtogen exsist in the soil?
As nitrates
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How are nitrates absosrbed by plant roots?
By nitrates being dissoved.
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How does nitrogen get passed on to animals?
nitrogen containing compunds get passed on to animals through being eaten by plants
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What happens to nitrogen compounds in dead plants?
They are broken down in nitrates for absorption by plants.
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What returns nitrates from plants and animals back in to the soil and how?
Decomposer by animal waste which contains nitrogen and converted into ammonia and when palnt/animals decay proteinds break down releasing ammonia.
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What is the soil converts ammonia to nitrates?
Nitrifying bacteria
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What breaks down nitrates realinsing nitrogen into the air?
Dentrifying bacteria
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How does nitrogen gas get back into the soil?
Lightining which releases enough energy for nitrogen to react with oxygen into the air to form nitrates, Nitrogen fixing bacteria in plants that react with oxygen to form nitrates, ammonia made industrially
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What do plants complete for?
Light,space,water,minerals,co2
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What do animals compete for?
Food,space,mates,water,shelter
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What is the meaning of interspecific?
Competition between organisms of different species
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What is the meaning of intraspecific?
Competiton between 2 organims in the same species
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What is a mutualism relationship?
When both organisms gain benefit.
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What is a parasitism relationship?
When one organism benfits at the cost of another.
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What are some adaptations to cold enviroments?
Small ears, thick fur, sharp teeth, strong long legs, big feet with fur on soles, ckaws, bluber below skin, large body size, fins, muscualr tail
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What are some adaptations to hot snd dry enviroments?
Dry dung and concentrated urine,hump of fat, nostrils which close, bushy eyelashes, body tolerance tot temp change, long legs, large feet, thin fur, large ears,large body size, wrinkled skin, trunk.
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Explain how penguins keep their feet warm
They have an arterie carrying warm blood to the foot, warming up the cold bllod travelling back in the vein.
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What are specialists?
Organisms that are well adapted to a specific type of habitat
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What are genralists?
Organisms taht are able to live in a range of habitats
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How are pine trees adapted?
Leaves reduced to needles to decrease surface area which reduces water loss plus wax on leaf also does this.
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How are oak trees adapted?
Leaves have large surface area to make most of the sun, wax on leaf is thinner as there is plenty of water in the soil for most of the year
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How are catus' adapted?
Leaves are spines whcih reduces surface area and water loss. Rounded shape reduces surface area to volume ratio, spines are less likely to be eaten by plants,shallow root sytem that covers great areas, stems swollen to store water, green stem =phosyn
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What does a smaller surface are to volume ratio mean?
It helps minimise heat loss.
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Explain the theory of evolution
Natural selection.Large population, change in enviroment means some die, variation in population best adapated survive and reproduce passing on the advantage.
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What are the effects of a growing population?
Shortage of food in some countries, more land used, more pollution, worlds resources being used up. Growth is not sustainable.
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Name 3 air pollutants and the efects on the enviroment.
Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides which form acid rain, co2 dissolves to form acid rain, cfcs destroys ozone layer.
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How does acid rain occur?
Cobustion of fossile fuels, waste gases rise into the atmospher such as sulphur dioxide and co2, gases dissolve in rain = acid rain causing death of trees, erosion of limestone and death of fish.
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Give an indicater of air pollution.
Lichen
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Nme some reasons for extinction
Humans destroying habitats, poulltuion, humans outcompete animals for resources, climate change.
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How can we conserve wildlife?
Protect habitats, legal protection, education to make people aware, captive breeding, seedbanks, artifical ecosytems.
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Why do we need to conserve wildlife?
Species may be useful in medical development, species could represenn food supplies,, consider damage to food chains, conserve for future generations.
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What stratergies are used to maintain sustainability?
Edycation to avoid overuse, quotas- fishing limits used to prevent overfishing and replanting which replants woodland after suing.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the 5 kingdoms?

Back

Plants,animals,fungi,protoctista,prokaryotes

Card 3

Front

Name all 5 catergorys inside the animal kingdom

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Name all the four caterogrys in arthropods

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Give 3 characteristics of insects

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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