A substance that can attack metal clothing or the skin. Has a PH of less than 7.
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Activation energy
the minimum energy needed to start a reaction.
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Alkali metal
Elements in group 1 of the periodic table.
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Alkali
Its solution has a PH of more than 7
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Alkane
A saturated hydrocarbon that has no double bonds between the carbon atoms
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Alkene
unsaturated hydrocarbon which contains a double carbon-carbon bond.
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Alloy
A mixture of metals (and sometimes non metals)
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aluminium
A low density corrosion-resistant metal used to many alloys.
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anhydrous
Describes a substance that does not contain water.
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Aqueous solution
The mixture made by adding a soluble substance to water
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atom
The smallest part of an element which can be recognised as an element
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atomic number
The number of protons (which equals the number of electrons) in an atom. It is sometimes called the proton number
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atomic weight
The historical term that was used before relative atomic masses were defined in the 20th century.
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base
The oxide, hydroxide or carbonate of a metal that forms a salt as a product when it reacts with acid. They are proton (H+ ion) acceptors.
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Biodegradable
Materials that can be broken down by microorganisms
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Biodiesel
Fuel for cars made from plant oils
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Biofuel
Fuel made from animal or plant products
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Bioleaching
Process of extraction of metals from ores using microorganisms
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Blast Furnace
The huge reaction vessels used in industry to extract iron from its ore.
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Bond Energy
The energy needed to break a particular chemical bond
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Burette
A long glass tube with a tap at one end and markings to show volumes of liquid used to add precisely known amounts of liquids to a solution in a conical flask below it
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Calcium Carbonate
The main compound found in limestone. It is a white solid whose formula is CaCO
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Calcium Hydroxide
A white solid made by reacting calcium oxide with water. It is used as a cheap alkali in industry.
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Calcium Oxide
A white solid made by heating limestone strongly. For example in a lime kiln
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Carbon Monoxide
A toxic gas whose formula is CO
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Cast Iron
The impure iron taken directly from a blast furnace.
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Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction. It is not used or changed in the reaction.
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Chromatography
The process whereby small amounts of dissolved substances are separated by running a solvent along a material such as absorbent paper.
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