science C4

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1) who thought that atoms were solid balls?
Dalton
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2) who discovered that atoms contained electrons?
J.J Thomson
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3) who was it that discovered an atom was just empty space and proved J.J Thomson theroy was wrong
Rutherford
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4) scientists realised that the atoms in Rutherfords model wouldnt be stable. who suggested that electrons can only exsits in orbits around the nucleus?
Bhor (his was the closest to the current version of the atom)
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what are the three types of particle found in an atom?
proton, neutron and electron
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what is an isotope?
they are elements that have the same atomic number but mass numbers (for example, carbon-12 and carbon-14)
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how are atoms ordered in the perodic table?
by atomic number
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what is a vertical column of the perodic table called?
groups.
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describe how Newlands arranged the elements
in order of relative atomic mass and he noticed every 8th element has similar properties, he then listed some of the known elements in rows of seven
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why did Dmitri Mendeleev leave gaps when he created the perodic table?
so the pattern wouldnt break down like in newlands octaves
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Name three rules about electron shells:
the inner shells are always filled in first, the inner shells can only have to electrons and the other shelld can only have 8
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how could you find out what period the element is in?
look at the number of shells
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what is ionic bonding?
transfering electrons, when a electrons goes from there shell to another shell to creat a full shell.
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compare the properties of sodium chloride and magnesium oxide:
both have high melting points, MgO has much higher melting and boiling points than NaCl, they dont counduct electricy we they are soild but when they are molten they will conduct electricty. NaCl dissolves in water and then it will conduct electricty
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do non-metals form positive ions or negative ions? and why?
negative because the easyiest way to get a full outer shell is to gain electrons.
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what is covalent bonding?
a covalent bond is made when atoms share pairs of electrons.
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what does simple molecules?
it means that the atoms are joined together by strong covalent bonds, but the molecules are held together by weak forces.
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what are the weak forces between molecules called?
intermolecular forces
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which group in the perodic table contains alkali metals?
group 1
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do the halogens become more reactive or less reactive as you go down the group?
less reactive as you go down the group
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what colour gas is chlorine, bromine and iodine?
chlorine is green , bromine is orange and iodine is grey
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list four properities of metals?
good conductors of heat, shiny, lustorous and dense, hard to break, high melting and boiling points
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why is copper used for electrical wiring?
it is a good conductor of heat and easily bent
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what are superconductors?
metals that have gone cold enough so their resistance disappears and the metal becomes a super conductor
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why are super conductors good ?
because no electrical energy is wasted
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give two uses of superconductors
power cables, strong electromagnets, electronic circuts that work really fast
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what is thermal decompsoition?
is when a substance breaks down in to at least two other substances when it is heated
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two solutions react together and a insouble solid froms, what type of reaction is this?
precipitate
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in the uk where do we get our water from?
lakes, rivers and reservoirs and Aquifers (rocks that trap water underground)
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name threee ways we can use to purify water
filtration, sedimentation (chemilcals are added which makes small particles clump together and settle at the bottom) and chlorination this is where chlorine gas is bubbled through to kill harmful bacteria and other microbes
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in water, if you want to test for sulfate ions what do you use?
Barium Chloride
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in water, if you want to test for Halide ions, what do you use?
Silver Nitrate
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

2) who discovered that atoms contained electrons?

Back

J.J Thomson

Card 3

Front

3) who was it that discovered an atom was just empty space and proved J.J Thomson theroy was wrong

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

4) scientists realised that the atoms in Rutherfords model wouldnt be stable. who suggested that electrons can only exsits in orbits around the nucleus?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what are the three types of particle found in an atom?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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