Science Biology 1

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What is the tracheas's function?
To carry air to and from the lungs
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What is the Bronchioles' function?
To carries air to and from the aveoli
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What is th Aveoli's function?
The site of gas exchange
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What is the capillaries' function?
To allow gas exchange to and from the blood
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What is the Right ventricke's function?
To pump blood to the lungs and where gas exchange comes from
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What is the Left ventricle's function?
To pump blood around the rest of the body
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What is the function of the Pacemaker?
To controls the natural resting heart rate
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What is the function of the Coronary artery?
To carry oxygenated blood to the cardiact muscle
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What is the function of the Heart valbes?
To stop the backflow of blood into the heart
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What is the function of the Artery?
To carry blood away fropm the heart
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What is the function of the Vein?
To carry blood to the heart
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What is the function of the capillary?
Connects arteries and veins
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What is the artery made from?
Thick muscular elastic walls that carry blood at high pressure exept the pulmonary artery
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What is the vein made from?
Thin walls with a large lumen that carries blood at low pressure, as well as having valves to stop the backflow of blood exept the pulmonary vein
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What is the capillary made from?
It is one cell thick to allow diffusion and carries blood at very low pressure
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What is Plasma?
A pale yellow fluid that transports COz, hormones and waste
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What are Red blood cells?
Red blood cells carry oxygen and have a large surface area with no nucleus and haemoglobin
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What are White blood cells?
White blood cells are part of the immune system and some produce anibodies, while others kill pathogens
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What is a Platelet?
Platelets are fragments of cells which clump together to form blood clots
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What are Cells?
Cells are the basic builing blocks of all living organisms
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What are Tissues?
Tissues are a group of cells with a simillar structure and function
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What is an Organ?
An organ is tissues preforming a specific function
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What are Organ systems?
Organ systems work together to form organ systems, which work together to form an organism
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What is Benedict's test?
Benedict's test is a sugar (glusocse) test wherethe solution turns orange to a brick red precipitate
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What is the Iodine test?
The iodine test is a starch test where the solution turns blue-black
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What is the Biuret reagment?
The Biuret reagment is the Biuret tests where the solution turns mauve or purple
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What is an Enzyme?
An enzyme is a substate which fits into an active site
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What happens to an enzyme when the temperature is too hot or cold?
It denatures
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What is the function of Carbohydrases?
Carbohydrases is the break down of carbohydrates into simple sugars.
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Where is Carbohydrsese made?
Carbohydrates are madde in the salivary glands, pacreas and small intestine
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What is Proteases?
Proteases is the break down of protein into amino acids
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Where is Proteases made?
Proteases is made in the stomach and pacrease
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What is Lipases?
Lipases is the break down of fats to glycerol and fatty acids
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What is Bile?
Bile is not an emzyme, but makes liquids to increase surface area and to increase the rate of fat breakdown
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Where is Bile made?
Bile is made in the liver, but stored in the gall bladder
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What is the function of the Cytpolasm (Animal and plant cell)?
The cytoplasm is the site of chemical reactions
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What is the function of the Nucleaus (Animal and plant cell)?
To store the genetic material and controls the activites of the cell
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What is the function of the Cell membrane (Animal and plant cell)?
To control what enters and exits the cell (Semi permeable)
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What is the function of the Ribosome (Animal and plant cell)?
To synthesise proteins
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What is the function of the Mitochondrion (Animal and plant cell)?
To do aerobic respiration
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What is the function of the permenant vacuole (Plant cell)?
To keep the cell turgid and contain sugars and salts in solution and cell sap
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What is the function of the cell wall (Plant cell)?
To support and strengthen the cell
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What is the function of the Chloroplast (Plant cell)?
To absorbe light energy for photosynthesis
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What is the function of the Nerve?
To carry electrical signals
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What is the function of the Sperm?
To fertalise an egg
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What is the function of the Muscle?
To contract to allow movement
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What is the function of the Root Hair?
To absorbe water and minerals from the soil
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What is the function of the Xylem?
To carry water and minerals
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What is the function of the Phloem?
To carry glucose
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What is the multiple of 1cm in m?
0.01m
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What is the multiple of 1mm in m?
0.001m
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What is the multiple of 1μm in m?
0.000001m
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What is the multiple of 1nm in m?
0.000000001m
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What is the defenition for Cell?
The smallest functional and structural unit of organism
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What is the defenition for Nucleus?
A structure that contains genetic materal and controls the cell
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What is the defenition for Chromosome?
A thread like structure of coiled DNA found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
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What is the defenition for DNA?
A polymer made up of two dtands forming a double helix
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What is the defenition for gene?
A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein or characteristic
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What is the order of the Nucleus, Chromosome, Gene, Cell and DNA?
Cell, Nucleus, Chromosome, DNA, Gene
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What is Mitosis?
Mitosis is the division of a duplicated cell that splits into to duplicated cells
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What can Human embryonic stems cells be used for?
They can be cloned and made to differentiate into most cell types
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What are the disadvantages of Human embryonic stems cells?
It is can cause an infection
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What can Adult bone marrow stem cells be used for?
They can form many types of human cells
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What are the disadvantages of Adult bone marrow stem cells
It can cause an infection
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What can Meristems be used for (Plants)?
It can be used for cloning any plant cell
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What are the advantages of Meristems (Plants)?
It can be disease resistant
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What are the function of the Small Intestine?
The small intestine has villi to increase surface area and to have good blood supply to maintain concentration gradient
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What is the function of the Lungs?
The lungs have Alveoli to increase surface area and Thin membranes for short diffusioc distance
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What are the function of Fish gills?
Fish have Gil filaments and lamella to increase surface area and good blood supply to maintains concentration gradient
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What are the functions of Roots?
Roots have Root hair cells to increase the surface area
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What is Diffusion?
Diffusion is the net movemt of particles from high concentration to a low concentration
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What is Osmosis?
The movement of water from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution
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What is Active transport?
The movement of particles from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution
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What factors affect the rate of Photosynthesis?
Temperature, Light intesity, Carbon dioxide concentration and The ammound the chlorophyll
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What is the Photosynthesis equation?
Carbon Dioxide + Water -> Oxygen + Glucose
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What is Anaerobic respiration and why does it take place?
Anaerobic respiration is when oxygen is short in supply, this mostly happens in intensive workouts. Blood cannot travel oxtgen and fats start to become acids which settles in your muscles, causung them to hurt
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Why does our heart rate increase when exercising?
The heart rate increases to pump more blood around the body quicker, to the oxtgenated blood can reach the muscles
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Why does our breathing increase when doing exercise?
Our breathing increases to increase the ammmound of oxygen in the bloodstream
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Biology
Cell structure, Investiagting cells, Cell division, Transport in and out of cells, Specialised cells, Blood and Circulation, Bioenergetics and non-communicable diseases
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the Bronchioles' function?

Back

To carries air to and from the aveoli

Card 3

Front

What is th Aveoli's function?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the capillaries' function?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the Right ventricke's function?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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