Science Additional - Biology

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  • Created by: JacobCa
  • Created on: 07-06-16 20:28
What does an animal cell have in?
Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Ribosomes
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What does a plant cell have in?
Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Cell Wall, Permament Vacuole, Chloroplasts
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What is different about a Bacteria cell?
They have no nucleus and are also single celled - therefore the genetic material floats in the cytoplasm
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What happens in the chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis occurs
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What happens in the ribosomes?
Proteins are made in the cell
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What is diffusion?
The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to area of low concentration
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What is clever about cell membranes?
They hold the cell together, but can also let stuff in and out too.
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What is a palisade leaf cell?
They are adapted for photosynthesis, and are packed with chloroplasts
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What are gaurd cells adpated for?
Adapted to close and open pores to conserve water
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What are red blood cells adpated for?
To carry oxygen
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What are sperm and egg cells adapted for?
For reproduction
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What can embryonic stem cells do?
They can turn into any type of cell
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Where are stem cells usually found?
In early human embryos
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Why are people against stem cell use?
They think it is unfair to use babies for reasearch. In some countries it is illegal to do so.
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How many chromosones are there in every body cell?
23 pairs
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What is different about the 23rd pair?
Either labelled ** (if it is a women) or XY (if it is a man)
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What is an allele?
A different version of the same gene
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What is a chromosone?
A long strand of DNA
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What does a chromosone contain?
All the instructions to put an organism together and make it work
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What is a gene?
A section of DNA
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How do cells make proteins?
Cells make proteins by stringing amino acids together in a particular order
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What is DNA fingerprinting used for?
For forensic science and Paternity testing
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Why are biological detergents called so?
Because they contain enzymes
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Why are biological detergents better for the enviroment?
The detergent works better at a lower tempreture (around 30 degrees)
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Why are enzymes used in Baby foods?
So the proteins are pre - digested and work easier
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Advantages of using enzymes in industry
Using lower temprature saves money. Enzymes can work for a long time, so they can be continually used. They are biodegradable and cause less pollution
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Disadvantages of using enzymes in industry
Some people develop allergies to them. Enzymes denature in a small change of temprature. Enzymes can be expensive to produce.
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What does an increase in muscle activity mean?
Means that more glucose and oxygen needs to be supplied to the muscle cells. Extra Co2 needs to be removed from the muscle cells - the blood has to flow faster
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What is used during excercise?
Glycogen
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What sometimes happens to glucose?
Sometimes glucose from food is stored as Glycogen
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What does each muscle have?
Its own store of Glycogen
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What happens to the glycogen in vigorous activty?
Glycogen has to be converted back to glucose quickly
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When is Anerobic respiration used?
When there isnt enough oxygen available
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Word equation for Anerobic respiration?
Glucose ------> Energy + Lactic Acid
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What is respiration?
The Process of releasing energy from the breakdown of glucose. It happens in every cell of your body.
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Where do most of the reactions in aerobic respiration take place?
In the mitochondria
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Word eqaution for aerobic respiraton?
Glucose + Oxygen --------> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
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What is energy released by respiration used for?
To build up larger molecules from smaller ones. In animals, to allow the muscles to contract, In mammals and birds the energy is used to keep body temp steady. In plants to build sugars, nitrates and other nutrients to amino acids.
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What do digestive enzymes do?
Break big molecules into smaller ones
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What does amylase do?
Converts starch into sugars. Starch --Amylase--> Sugars
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What does protease do?
Converts Proteins to amino acids. Proteins --Protease--> Amino Acids
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What does Lipase do?
Converts Lipids to Gylcerol and fatty acids. -- Lipids --Lipase--> Gycerol and Fatty acids
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What does bile do?
Neutralises stomach acid and emulsifes fats.
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What is an enzyme?
Catalysts produced by living things
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What is a catalyst?
A substance which increases the speed of a reaction without being used up or being changed in the reaction.
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What are all Enzymes?
They are all proteins
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What temprature do enzymes work best at?
37 degrees
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What is a habitat?
A place where an organism lives
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What is the distribution of a organism?
The place where an organism is found
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What enviormental factors change why a organism may be found?
Temprature, Availability of water, Availability of CO2 and O2, Availability of Nutrients, Availability of light
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What did Mendel find?
How charecteristics in plants were passed on through generations
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What is cystic fibrosis caused by?
A recessive allele
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Why does extinction happen?
Because a species cannot evolve quickly enough
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What is speciation?
A development of a new species
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does a plant cell have in?

Back

Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Cell Wall, Permament Vacuole, Chloroplasts

Card 3

Front

What is different about a Bacteria cell?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What happens in the chloroplasts?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What happens in the ribosomes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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