There are two main types of cell, What are they called?
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
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What is eukaryotic?
plant,animal and fungal cells
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What is prokaryotic?
bacterial cells
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What is a plasmid?
the genetic material in a single DNA loop
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What does resolution mean?
the ability to see two or more objects
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What is mitosis?
When the cell divides into two identical cells
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What happens during mitosis?
1) one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell 2) the nucleus divides 3) the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two identical cells
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Some cells are undifferentiated, What does this mean?
they have not yet become specialised
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What are stem cells used for?
treating conditions where cells are damaged or not working properly
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What is therapeutic cloning?
A cloned embryo of the patient which is used as a source of stem cells
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What is diffusion?
the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until they are evenly spread out
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What is osmosis?
the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution
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What is a tissue?
a group of cells with similar structure and function which all work together to do a job
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What are organs?
groups of different tissues which all work together to perform a specific job
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What do the digestive enzymes called protease, lipase and carbohydrase do?
digest proteins, liquids and carbohydrates to produce smaller molecules that can easily be absorbed into the bloodstream
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What is bile?
A liquid made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder
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The liquid called plasma has three different components. What are they?
red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
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What does the plasma do?
transports various chemical substances around the body
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The body contains 3 different types of blood vessel. What are they?
arteries, veins and capillaries
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There are 4 chambers in the heart, What are they called?
the left and right artia which receive blood from the veins and the left and right ventricle which pumps the blood out into the arteries
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What does the air obtained by breathing go?
through the lungs to the tracheaWH
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What is a pathogen?
A microoganism that causes infectious diseases
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What does the immune system do?
destroy pathogens which enter the body
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What happens with new medical drugs?
They are tested and trialled before being used to make sure they are safe
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What is a double blind trial?
When some patients are given a placebo which does not contain the drug and some patients are given the drug.
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What affects the rate of photosynthesis?
temperature, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll concentration and light intensity
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What does the receptor do?
detect a change in a stimulus
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What does the effector do?
bring about responses that restore optimum levels
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What happens in the nervous system?
The pain stimulus is detected by receptors. Impulses from the receptor pass along a sensory neurone. An impulse then passes through a relay neurone. A motor neurone carries an impulse to the effector. The effector responds
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