Science

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  • Created by: Jack
  • Created on: 29-09-16 21:33
carbohydrates
made from simple sugars such as glucose. main use high energy source
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fats
made from fatty acids and glycerol main use high energy source
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proteins
made from amino acids main use growth and repair
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A balanced diet will also include nutrients that do not provide energy, such as:
minerals, like iron, to make haemoglobin vitamins, such as vitamin C, which prevents a disease called scurvy fibre, which prevents constipation, water
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Overweight people may suffer from health problems, including:
diabetes - an illness in which the body is unable to control the amount of sugar in the blood arthritis - an illness in which the joints become worn, inflamed and painful heart disease, breast cancer
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people in developing countries may not get enough protein in their diet. This is called.......
protein deficiency
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protein deficiency can lead to.....
a disease called kwashiorkor, which causes a swollen abdomen.
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You can calculate the recommended daily average (RDA) intake of protein using this formula:
RDA in g = 0.75 × body mass in kg
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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a guide to whether someone is underweight, normal weight or overweight. You can calculate the BMI using this formula:
BMI = mass in kg ÷ (height in m)2
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Which is the correct equation for aerobic respiration in humans?
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water.
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BMI under 18.4
underweight
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BMI between 18.5 and 24.9
ideal weight
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BMI between 25 and 29.9
over the ideal weight
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BMI between 30 and 39.9
obese
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BMI over 40
very obese
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Which is the correct equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?
glucose → lactic acid. Water is not a reactant.
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Which of these is a difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in humans?
Glucose is completely broken down in aerobic respiration but not in anaerobic respiration. This means that more energy is released by aerobic respiration not the other way around.
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Where in the cell do most aerobic respiration reactions happen?
Most reactions in aerobic respiration happen in the mitochondria.
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Which of these is a correctly balanced equation for respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 3H2O
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During hard exercise, what causes an 'oxygen debt'?
A build-up of lactic acid
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What products are made during anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Anaerobic respiration in yeast produces ethanol and carbon dioxide. Aerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide and water.
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Which of these is a simple lab test for carbon dioxide?
Limewater turns milky when carbon dioxide is bubbled through it.
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Which of these observations would provide evidence for respiration in germinating beans?
An increase in temperature would provide evidence for respiration in germinating beans. Respiration releases energy, including heat.
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In an experiment to show respiration in living organisms, the air they need may be passed through sodium hydroxide solution first. Why is this done?
In the experiment, air is passed through sodium hydroxide solution to absorb carbon dioxide from the air.
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central nervous system (CNS)
the brain and spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system
nerve cells that carry information to or from the CNS
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Nerve cells are also called neurones. They are adapted to....
carry electrical impulses from one place to another
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Which type of neurone transmits a signal from the central nervous system to an effector such as a muscle?
Motor neurones transmit signals from the central nervous system to effectors such as muscles.
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Which type of neurone transmits a signal from a sense organ to the central nervous system?
Sensory neurones transmit signals from sense organs to the central nervous system.
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Which part of the nervous system is not involved in producing reflex actions?
The brain is not involved in producing reflex actions.
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What happens when the eye accommodates to see a near object?
The ciliary muscles contract and the suspensory ligaments slacken
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Certain drugs can be extracted from natural sources, and have been known about for a long time. For example, willow bark was used by the ancient Greeks to help cure fevers and pains.
it was later discovered that the active ingredient was salicylic acid. This was modified by chemists into the substance we call aspirin, which is less irritating to the stomach than salicylic acid.
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Stage 1 of drug testing
The drugs are tested using computer models and human cells grown in the laboratory. Many substances fail this test because they damage cells or do not seem to work.
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Stage 2 of drug testing
Drugs that pass the first stage are tested on animals. In the UK, new medicines have to undergo these tests.
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Stage 3 of drug testing
Drugs that have passed animal tests are used in clinical trials. They are tested on healthy volunteers to check that they are safe. The substances are then tested on people with the illness to ensure that they are safe and that they work.
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Card 2

Front

fats

Back

made from fatty acids and glycerol main use high energy source

Card 3

Front

proteins

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

A balanced diet will also include nutrients that do not provide energy, such as:

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Overweight people may suffer from health problems, including:

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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