Alogia, flatness of effect, avoliation, catatonic behr
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What are the assumptions of DA hypothesis?
limbic system, initial hypothesis, receptor sites
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what are assumptions of psychodynamic
fixation/regression, schiz mum, losing touch with reality.
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what is reversed cerebral assymetry?
when brain is not 100% symmetrical. Temporal,patietal,occipital larger on left, left has more cortical space as it has more folds (normal brain)
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what happens in a schz brain in terms of reversed cerebral assymetry?
right is bigger compared to left. Lanugage function locaed in left, it can account for symptoms e.g alogia. CAT SCANS found an increase in frequency of reversals in frontal & occipital lobes of scz.
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what is cortical atrophy?
A loss of brain volume. Can occure in the whole brain or part ofit. Involves loss of neurons within brain or fewer connections
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Give an example of cortical atrophy
CAT scans assess schz- 33% had moderate-severe CA. Meaning larger gap between brain & skll, and fewee connections between neurons can cause schz
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What are brain ventricles
Cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid- supply brain with nutrients and remove waste- and apply internal pressure
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Example of brain ventricles
Enlarged ventricles, neurons fire everywhere as venticles don't keep them in place. More fluid bringing nurtients, brain overworks. CAT scans- found ventricular size greater in schz, 40% different signficantly.
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What is a schz 'loss of touch with reality'?
Regress back, lose all attachments. Schz becomes disengages from outside world & inward focusing. This detachment from reality, cobined with having posession of an active mind leads to alternate realities
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what is a lack of preconscious filters?
Our brans constantly recieve info, if we attended to all, we would be unable to function, so info enters preconscious, and allows entry of pertinent info, rest is fitlered out.
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what is Attention deficit theory?
Schz is a result of a breakdown of thought filtering process. Schz have attention issues, unable to filter out non pertinent info. Inability to focus accounts for hallucinations, delusions, disorganised speech
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what is a faulty theory of mind in schz?
They don't have a clear grasp on their own minds, and misunderstand own thought processes. Results in an inability to distinguish between actions brought via external force & those generated internally e.g think thoughts inserted by aliens.
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What is the limbic system?
Involved in function of emotion & arousal. Nerve pathways leave from limbic to subcortical structures
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Wht is the mesolimbic pathway associated with schz?
Sends signals from ventral tengmental to nucleus accumbens- overstimulation leads to positive symptoms (delusions)
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what is mesocortical pathway associated with schz?
Sends signal from tegmental to frontal lobe. Pathway is vital in emotional response, motivation, &cognition. Too little DA in D1 receptors ffrom this pathway leads to negative symptoms
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what are DA receptor sites?
D1-D5 distributed in the cerebral cortex and subcortically e.g limbic. D2 is most important, found in limbic
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What is the role of anti psychotics in dopamine receptors and give an example of receptor sites
Drugs antagonise dopamine binding and reduce positive symptoms. PET scan analysis of DA usage, shows relative levels of DA receptors compared to non, Analysis of DA receptors show that the limbic & cortex have more DA receptors than rest of brain SCZ
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Give an example for intiial hypothesis
administering drugs that reduce DA have little effect on -ve. Induced psychosis into non schz with amphetamine, they developed paranoia, delusions(positive)
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what is double bind theory?
Development is a consequence of abnormal patterns of communication in families- in a destructively ambiguous fashion, if child is repeatdely exposed they are unable to respond logically.
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Example for double bind theories:
Eat veg but takes it away- child conflicted. Symptoms arise as a means of escaping conflict caused by DBS. These cause child to respond with maladaptive thinking to navigate situations e.g all things said to me contain hidden harmful meanings = delus
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What is expressed emotion?
Families who engage in EE show high levels of criticism, hostility and over protectiveness.Critical comments are negative towards a person, hostility is unmanageable anger, imitation & rejection
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example of expressed emotion?
Schz= households have HIGh EE. more likely to relapse, relapse connected to type of home- back to parents- more likely to relapse.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
List negative symptoms
Back
Alogia, flatness of effect, avoliation, catatonic behr
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