Schizophrenia - cognitive ex. and CBT

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WHAT ARE COGNITIVE DEFICITS
- difficulties processing various types of information
- this is often visual or auditory
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HOW CAN WE USE COGNITIVE DEFICITS TO EXPLAIN SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR OF SCHIZOPHRENIC PEOPLE
- may lead them to have trouble understanding other's behaviour
- social interaction is heavily based on body language cues that help us understand what people are thinking or feeling
- difficulties decifering this could help explain abnormal social beh
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HOW CAN COGNITIVE DEFICIT EXPLAIN SYMTPOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
- could explain reduced levels of emotional expression, disorgnaised speech and delusions
- inability to process different things and manage them accordingly is linked to cognitive deficit
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WHAT ARE COGNITIVE BIASES
- sometimes called selective attention
- helps in the way in which we frame and understand incoming information that helps us make decisions on how to act
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WHITE SYMPTOM CAN BE EXPLAINED THROUGH COGNITIVE BIASES
- paranoid delusions
- research suggests that delusions are linked to specific biases in reasoning and logical thinking
- the bias that occurs when this paranoia happens causes them to focus on the wrong aspects of social interaction and act accordingly
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STRENGTH OF THE COGNITIVE EXPLANATION
- Practical application: Yellowless et al 2002, developed a machine that produced virtual hallucinations to show schizophrenics that their hallucinations aren't real, suggest that understanding cognitive deficits will help create new intiatives to help sc
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WEAKNESSES OF THE COGNITIVE EXPLANATION
- issues with cause and effect: the approach doesn't explain the cause of cognitive deficits, we cannot be sure if cognitive deficits cause shcizorphrenic behaviour or if it's the other way around
- reductionist: doesn't consider the influence of genes, o
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WHAT ARE PATIENTS TAUGHT IN CBT
- how to recognise dysfunctional thinking and how to avoid acting on these thoughts
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WHICH ARE THE MAIN TYPES OF THINKING THAT CBT TARGETS
- general beliefs
- self image
- beliefs about what others think
- expectations of how others will act
- methods of coping
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WHAT IS THE FIRST STAGE OF CBT
ASSESSMENT
- the therapist encourages to explain their concerns so that they have a better understanding of what they will be treating
- they can ask patients to:
describe delusions
reflect on relationships
reflect on thought patterns
lay out what they w
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WHAT IS THE SECOND STAGE OF CBT
ENGAGEMENT
- rapport is established and the therapist works with honesty, patience and acceptance. Accepting how real the illusions seem will help gain the patients trust
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WHAT METHODS ARE USED DURING THE SECOND STAGE OF CBT
- ABC
A- antecedent; what is triggering the problems
B- behaviour; how do you react in response
C- consequences; how does this reaction impact your life and relationships with others
- NORMALISATION; help the patient realise these thoughts are normal in s
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WHAT IS THE LAST STAGE OF CBT
DEVELOPING ALETRNATIVE EXPLANATIONS
- Finding logical thoughts for stressful situations
- these help provide coping strategies for management in day to day life
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WHAT RESEARCH SUPPORTS COPING STRATEGY ENHANCEMENT
Tarrier:
- detailed interview techniques helped identify triggers of psychotic symptoms
- this helped make methods to help cope with distress they cause
- 73% said that the strategies helped manage their symptoms
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WHAT ARE OF THE AIMS COPING STRATEGY ENHANCEMENT
- aims to teach patients how to develop and apply coping methods
- coping methods should help reduce the frequency, intensity and duration of psychotic symptoms
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HOW DOES COPING STRATEGY ENHANCEMENT WORK
1. Education and rapport; the therapist and client work together to develop the pariebt's coping methods into better, more effective, new ones
2. symptom targeting; a specific symptom is selected so that symtpoms can be relived one at a time, instead of t
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STRENGTHS OF CBT
- reduces relapses and readmissions BUT THESE PEOPLE WERE ALSO OF MEDICATION AND HAVING REGULAR MEETINGS WHICH MAY HAVE CONTRIBUTED
- Turkington et al; highly effective and should be mainstream treatment
- Tarrier et al; reviewed CBT trials and found red
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WEAKNESSES OF CBT
- require self awareness and willingness to engage
- takes much longer than drug therapy
- addington and addington; little use in the earlier stages of schizophrenic episodes
- Kingdon and Kirschen; it is not suitable for disorientated or agitated patien
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

- may lead them to have trouble understanding other's behaviour
- social interaction is heavily based on body language cues that help us understand what people are thinking or feeling
- difficulties decifering this could help explain abnormal social beh

Back

HOW CAN WE USE COGNITIVE DEFICITS TO EXPLAIN SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR OF SCHIZOPHRENIC PEOPLE

Card 3

Front

- could explain reduced levels of emotional expression, disorgnaised speech and delusions
- inability to process different things and manage them accordingly is linked to cognitive deficit

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

- sometimes called selective attention
- helps in the way in which we frame and understand incoming information that helps us make decisions on how to act

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

- paranoid delusions
- research suggests that delusions are linked to specific biases in reasoning and logical thinking
- the bias that occurs when this paranoia happens causes them to focus on the wrong aspects of social interaction and act accordingly

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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