Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia
Severe mental illness where contact with reality and insight are impaired
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Classification of mental disorder
The process of organising symptoms into categories based on which symptoms cluster together in sufferers
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Positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Atypical symptoms experienced in addition to normal experiences. Consists of hallucinations and delusions
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Hallucinations
Positive Symptom - Sensory experiences of stimuli that either have no basis in reality or are distorted perceptions of things that are
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Delusions
Positive Symptom - Beliefs that have no basis in reality e.g. belief that the individual is a victim of a conspiracy
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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Atypical experiences that represent a loss of usual experiences such as clear thinking and 'normal' levels of motivation
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Speech poverty
Negative Symptom - Reduced frequency and quality of speech
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Avolition
Negative Symptom - Loss of motivation to carry out tasks and results in lowered activity levels
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Co-mobidity
Two or more illnesses or conditions present together. When diagnosed separately frequently, raises questions on validity of classification
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Symptom overlap
Two or more conditions share symptoms. When many symptoms are shared, raises question of validity of classification of them separately
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Dopamine
A neurotransmitter that is associated with pleasure - high levels = Schizophrenia and low levels= Parkinson's disease
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Neural correlates
Patterns of structure or activity in the brain that correlate with an experience
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Family dysfunction
Abnormal processes within a family : poor communication/cold parenting/high levels of expressed emotion = risk of developing/maintaining schizophrenia
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Dysfunctional thought processing
Information processing that is not functioning normally and produces undesirable consequences
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Antipsychotics
Drugs used to reduce the intensity of symptoms - mainly positive
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Typical anitpsychotics
First generations of the drug. Used since the 50's - work as dopamine antagonists - include chlorpromazine
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Atypical antipsychotics
Drugs developed after typical antipsychotics - target range of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin - include Clozapine and Risperidone
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Family therapy
Psychological therapy with some/all family members to improve communication and/or reduce stress
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Token economies
Form of behavioural therapy - desirable behaviours encouraged by selective reinforcement = receive secondary reinforcers (tokens) that can be exchanged for primary reinforcers (Fave food/privileges)
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Interactionist approach
Explains schizophrenia by acknowledging all factors such as biological and psychological.
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Diathesis-stress model
Interactionist approach to explain behaviour - Individual has underlying vulnerability and trigger which lead to onset of schizophrenia
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The process of organising symptoms into categories based on which symptoms cluster together in sufferers

Back

Classification of mental disorder

Card 3

Front

Atypical symptoms experienced in addition to normal experiences. Consists of hallucinations and delusions

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Positive Symptom - Sensory experiences of stimuli that either have no basis in reality or are distorted perceptions of things that are

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Positive Symptom - Beliefs that have no basis in reality e.g. belief that the individual is a victim of a conspiracy

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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