* tightly packed together and dont move apart easily
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liquids particles are
are further apart than in solids, can move around and flow past eachother
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gas particles are
are very far apart and sometimes collide with each other
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changing from s to l
heating a solid gives the particles energy and changes them into a liquid
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changing from l to g
heating a liquid gives the particles even more energy and turning it into a gas
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The 7 different forms of energy are
kinetic, electrical, sound, heat, light, potential, chemical
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I can draw a simple energy transfer diagram
bonfire (chemical) goes to heat, light, sound
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From a bonfire the energy that is useful / wasted
useful = heat; wasted = sound
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The difference between heat and temperature :
HEAT is a measure of the total energy contained within the substance and is measures in Joules (J). TEMPERATURE is a measure of how HOT or COLD something is and is measured in degrees Celsius (oC)
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The methods of heat transfer are
conduction, convection and radiation
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Energy transfer in a solid.
Before the ball can go through the ring, but after heating ist will not go through. The metal ball must have expanded when it was heated .The particles in the metal must have moved further apart when heated.
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Energy transfer in a liquid
A round bottom flask has coloured water in it. As the flask is given heat energy, the particles vibrate more. This cause the spaces between particles to increase, causing the liquid to expand up the tube.
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Which metal conducts best?
iron, copper=brass, aluminium
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Is water a good conductor of heat?
If heat is applied to a boiling tube of water above an ice cube (marble on top to keep it in place), the water at the top boils bu the ice at the bottom does not. So water is NOT a good conductor of heat.
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Heat transfer in a solid: conduction demo
Metals are good conductors. Heat energy is conducted from the hot end of a metal bar to the cold end. Take a long thin ***** of metal. Fix the drawing pin to the end of the ***** using drops of wax. POsition one end in a bunsen flame and record time.
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Heat transfer in liquids and gases: convection
Convection is when particles with a lot of heat energy in a liquid or gas move and take the lace of particels with less heat energy
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Convection experiment
Dropone dye crystal down a straw close to the side of a beaker of water. Carefully remove the straw. HEat the water with a bunsen flame under the crystal. The crystal rises with the warm liquid and denser cold water falls.A convection current is seen
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Radition
No particles are involved so radation can work in a vacuum - we feel the heat from the Sun. Thermal radiation invoves waves.
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Radiation experiment
Put boiled water in a silver and a black flask. Stopper and thermomemter in both flasks. Take the time at the start and every minute for 10 minutes. The black flask radiates more heat (Stays hotter for longer)
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Dull black surfaces are ...
...better radiators of heat.
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Heat energy is lost though conduction...
walls, floors, roof and windows.
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Also lost from homes by convection
...cold air enters house thru gaps in doors and wdows and convection currents transfer heat energy in loft to roof tiles.
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Also leaves house by radiation...
through walls, roof and windows.
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Ways to reduce heat loss...
...fitting carpets, curtains and draught excluders. Fit double glazing, from walls using cavity wall insulation, roof by laying loft insulation.
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Two types of electrcial curcuit:
series and parallel
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Real life exaple of a series circuit
each component follows the other n a continuous look#p. e.g. kitchen light sall come on at once and are in eres.
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Real liefe example of parallel circuit:
in which components are connectied in braches, one on top of the other. the Loop is not continuous.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
solid particles are
Back
* tightly packed together and dont move apart easily
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