Russia - 1.2

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Problems of agricultural production exemplified by...
...famine of 1891-92; 1.5 - 2 million dead.
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Economic development in 1891
Tariffs to encourage DOMESTIC BUYING.
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Goal of Sergei Witte (2)
Bring Russia up to speed with Western economies + maintain Russia's position as a Great Power.
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Problems identified by Witte (3)
Russia needed more foreign investment/ Needed a larger business class/ Needed more peasants to move to the cities to work in factories
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Policies of Witte to modernise economy (3)
Govt became proactive with developing economy/ Emphasis placed on production of core resources/ Loans obtained from foreign countries IE France
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Policies of Witte to modernise economy (3)
Taxes increased on serfs to fund industrialisation/ Trans-Siberian Railway built to exploit Serbia economically/ Laws passed restricting workers to 11.5 hour day.
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x + y increased. Industrial growth annual movement?
Coal + Iron. Industrial growth increased by 8% a year in the 1890's
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Foreign investment received between 1897 - 1900
144 Million Roubles
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1903
Trans-Siberian Railway almost finished. Rail building had expanded across Russia
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What emerged in important cities?
Large factories; Moscow + St.Petersburg
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Population...
Cities grew rapidly. St.P = 1M in 1890 / 2M in 1914
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Significance of Siberia?
Resources increasingly expolited
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Modernisation allowed...
...Armed forces to possess better weapons = compete as a GP.
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Domestic Failures of Witte (4)
Living conditions in the cities for workers = poor/ Strikes became more common/ More political opposition emerged against the Tsarist system of Govt/ ^ Taxes on peasants caused widespread anger
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International Failures (2)
His reforms didn't result in overtaking nations such as Germany/ Russia in more debt than any other European country (8 billion roubles; 1914)
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1913; Industry / Population spread
Industry = 20% of national income; 18% of Russians lived in towns
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Political significance
Russian political system DID NOT modernise. Educational opportunities remained limited for most
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Why was Russia disadvantaged
They were modernising from a position further behind other countries economies.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Economic development in 1891

Back

Tariffs to encourage DOMESTIC BUYING.

Card 3

Front

Goal of Sergei Witte (2)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Problems identified by Witte (3)

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Policies of Witte to modernise economy (3)

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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